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Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and their role in treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular oedema

Eye volume 37, pages 3725–3733 (2023)Cite this article

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Abstract

The advent of intravitreal anti-VEGF injections has revolutionised the treatment of both neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD or wet AMD) and diabetic macular oedema (DMO). Despite their efficacy, anti-VEGF injections precipitate significant treatment burden for patients, caregivers and healthcare systems due to the high frequency of injections required to sustain treatment benefit. Therefore, there remains an unmet need for lower-burden therapies. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are a novel class of drugs that may have considerable potential in addressing this issue. This review will summarise and discuss the results of various pilot studies and clinical trials exploring the role of TKIs in treatment of nAMD and DMO, highlighting promising candidates and possible challenges in developments.

摘要

玻璃体内注射抗VEGF药物的出现改变了新生血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性 (nAMD或湿性AMD) 和糖尿病性黄斑水肿 (DMO) 的治疗。尽管抗VEGF治疗有效, 但由于维持治疗效果需要高频次注射, 给患者、护理人员和医保系统带来了巨大的治疗负担。因此, 对低负担治疗的需求仍未得到满足。酪氨酸激酶抑制剂 (TKI)为一种新型药物, 在解决这一问题方面可能具有很大的潜力。本综述将总结和讨论TKI在nAMD和DMO治疗中作用的各种探索性研究和临床试验的结果, 强调有前景的备选药物和开发中可能面临的挑战。

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Fig. 1: Schematic representation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and the receptors they target.

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Acknowledgements

The research was supported by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and the Clinical Research Facility at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation trust and UCL Institute of Technology.

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  1. These authors contributed equally: Shruti Chandra, Emanuel Yuquan Tan.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Health Research Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK

    Shruti Chandra, Emanuel Yuquan Tan & Sobha Sivaprasad

  2. University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK

    Shruti Chandra & Sobha Sivaprasad

  3. Queen Mary University of London, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Bethnal Green, London, E1 4NS, UK

    Emanuel Yuquan Tan

  4. Stoneygate Eye Hospital, Leicester, LE1 2PN, UK

    Theo Empeslidis

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Contributions

Conceptualization, T.E. and S.S.; methodology, S.C., T.E., and S.S.; data curation, S.C. and E.Y.T.; writing—original draught preparation, S.C., E.Y.T., and S.S.; writing—review and editing, T.E., and S.S.; supervision, S.S.; funding acquisition, none. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sobha Sivaprasad.

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S.S. has received funding/fees from Bayer, Novartis, Abbvie, Roche, Boehringer Ingelheim, Optos, EyeBiotech, Biogen, and Apellis. T.E. is an employee of Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd, Germany. S.S. and S.C. are members of the Eye editorial board.

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Chandra, S., Tan, E.Y., Empeslidis, T. et al. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and their role in treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular oedema. Eye 37, 3725–3733 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-023-02610-z

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