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Hydrophilic and absorption properties of reversible nanocomposite polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels reinforced with graphene-doped zinc oxide nanoplates for enhanced antibacterial activity

Polymer Journal volume 55, pages 45–61 (2023)Cite this article

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Abstract

Graphene-doped ZnO nanoplates (G-ZNPs) were incorporated as a reinforcing material into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to prepare nanocomposite PVA/G-ZNP hydrogels through a cyclic freezing-thawing method. The mechanical properties, water content, gel fraction, swelling ratio, dye absorption, water contact angle, thermal stability, and antibacterial properties were explored. In addition, the nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The tensile strengths of the hydrogels increased from 1.9 to 2.2 MPa when the G-ZNP content ranged from 0 to 0.3 phr. The mechanical properties of the xerogels (obtained from freeze drying the hydrogels for 24 and 48 h) were the same as those of the hydrogels. Increasing the G-ZNP content improved the swelling ratio and dye absorption capacity because of the higher porosity, and the maximum ratio and capacity were reached when the G-ZNP content was 0.4 phr. The contact angle increased with addition of G-ZNP because of the more compact structures of the nanocomposite PVA/G-ZNP hydrogels and the lower surface roughnesses. The results of FTIR analyses showed that PVA underwent coordination reactions and hydrogen bonding with the G-ZNPs, and these synergistically enhanced the tensile strength of the PVA. The results of XRD analyses showed that with an increase in the G-ZNP content, the crystallinity of the xerogels first decreased and then increased. When the G-ZNP content was 0.3 phr, the crystallinity was the lowest, implying that at a content greater than 0.3 phr, the G-ZNP nanomaterials would not be well dispersed. Moreover, EDS analyses showed that the G-ZNPs were relatively uniformly dispersed in PVA hydrogels at a content of 0.3 phr. SEM analyses showed that incorporation of a small amount of G-ZNPs changed the microscopic morphology of the gels, and the three-dimensional network structure of the nanocomposite gels became dense. In addition, G-ZNPs enhanced the antibacterial and dye absorption abilities of the hydrogels.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge financial support from the following organizations: Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program (2022JDTD0016); Chengdu Science and Technology (2021-RC02-00005-CG); Zigong City Science and Technology (2019CXRC01; 2020YGJC13); Opening Project of Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province (2019CL05; 2020CL19); Opening Project of Sichuan Province, the Foundation of Introduced Talent of Sichuan University of Science and Engineering (2017RCL16; 2019RC05); the Opening Project of Key Laboratories of Fine Chemicals and Surfactants in Sichuan Provincial Universities (2020JXY04); Xi’an Weijingyi Art and Culture Communication Co., Ltd (HX2021385).

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  1. These authors contributed equally: Shuang Chen, Manuel Reyes De Guzman, Chi-Hui Tsou.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, China

    Shuang Chen, Manuel Reyes De Guzman, Chi-Hui Tsou, Mingtian Li & Chen Gao

  2. Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, China

    Shuang Chen, Manuel Reyes De Guzman, Chi-Hui Tsou, Mingtian Li & Chen Gao

  3. Sichuan Zhixiangyi Technology Co. Ltd., Chengdu, 610051, China

    Chi-Hui Tsou & Chih-Yuan Tsou

  4. Department of Fashion Business Administration, Taishan, Lee-Ming Institute of Technology, New Taipei City, 24305, Taiwan, ROC

    Maw-Cherng Suen

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Chen, S., De Guzman, M.R., Tsou, CH. et al. Hydrophilic and absorption properties of reversible nanocomposite polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels reinforced with graphene-doped zinc oxide nanoplates for enhanced antibacterial activity. Polym J 55, 45–61 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41428-022-00711-2

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