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Unraveling complex performance-limiting factors of brominated ITIC derivative: PM6 organic solar cells by using time-resolved measurements

Polymer Journal volume 55, pages 463–476 (2023)Cite this article

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Abstract

Organic solar cells (OSCs) composed of a polymer and nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) have achieved dramatic improvements in power conversion efficiency (PCE), while the roles of many contributing factors are still not fully understood. Charge carrier mobility is conventionally considered a positive factor for NFA-OSC performance, yet this statement is often contradicted by experimental results. In this regard, indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene-based NFAs (ITIC) brominated at the β, γ, and δ positions of the terminal IC groups are suitable for a comparative study of the performance-limiting factors. In this work, we evaluated the charge carrier dynamics in these ITIC (β, γ, δ):PM6 bulk heterojunction OSCs by using simultaneous time-of-flight (TOF)-time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) and photoinduced charge extraction by linearly increasing voltage (photo-CELIV) techniques. The measured PCEs of these OSCs decreased in the order ITIC-γ:PM6 (9.3%) > ITIC-β:PM6 (8.5%) > ITIC:PM6 (7.5%) > ITIC-δ:PM6 (2.3%). The TOF-TRMC/photo-CELIV results revealed that despite having the highest PCE, ITIC-γ:PM6 showed both low electron and hole mobilities, while its mobility relaxation characteristics were moderate among those of the OSCs. In contrast, ITIC-γ:PM6 showed the smallest bimolecular recombination coefficient. Finally, fifteen parameters (mobility, etc.) were subjected to a linear regression analysis, which provided a quantitative understanding of the complex PCE-governing factors for NFA OSCs.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas (A) “Dynamic Exciton” (Grant No. 20H05832, JP20H05836, JP20H05840 (H.I.), JP20H05841 (H.I.)) and Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) (Grant No. A20H00398) and Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) (Grant No. JPMJCR2107). We thank Fumiya Hamada for his support with the experiments. We thank Dr. Fumitaka Ishiwari at Osaka University for fruitful discussion.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan

    Shaoxian Li, Ryosuke Nishikubo & Akinori Saeki

  2. Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan

    Ryosuke Nishikubo & Akinori Saeki

  3. Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan

    Tatsuho Wada & Hiroshi Imahori

  4. Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosya, Himeji, Hyogo, 671-2280, Japan

    Tomokazu Umeyama

  5. Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan

    Hiroshi Imahori

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Li, S., Nishikubo, R., Wada, T. et al. Unraveling complex performance-limiting factors of brominated ITIC derivative: PM6 organic solar cells by using time-resolved measurements. Polym J 55, 463–476 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41428-022-00704-1

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