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  • Clinical Research
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The diagnosis and treatment of castrate-sensitive oligometastatic prostate cancer: A review

Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases volume 26, pages 702–711 (2023)Cite this article

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Abstract

Background

Oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPCa) is emerging as a transitional disease state between localized and polymetastatic disease. This review will assess the current knowledge of castrate-sensitive OMPCa.

Methods

A review of the current literature was performed to summarize the definition and classification of OMPCa, assess the diagnostic methods and imaging modalities utilized, and to review the treatment options and outcomes. We further identify gaps in knowledge and areas for future research.

Results

Currently there is no unified definition of OMPCa. National guidelines mostly recommend systemic therapies without distinguishing oligometastatic and polymetastatic disease. Next generation imaging is more sensitive than conventional imaging and has led to early detection of metastases at initial diagnosis or recurrence. While mostly retrospective in nature, recent studies suggest that treatment (surgical or radiation) of the primary tumor and/or metastatic sites might delay initiation of androgen deprivation therapy while increasing survival in selected patients.

Conclusions

Prospective data are required to better assess the incremental improvement in survival and quality of life achieved with various treatment strategies in patients with OMPCa.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA

    Rand N. Wilcox Vanden Berg & Michael Abern

  2. Radiation Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland

    Thomas Zilli

  3. Faculty of Medicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland

    Thomas Zilli

  4. Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

    Thomas Zilli & Vérane Achard

  5. Department of Radiation Oncology, HFR Fribourg, Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland

    Vérane Achard

  6. City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA

    Tanya Dorff

  7. Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA

    Michael Abern

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Conceived and/or designed the work that led to the submission, acquired data, and/or played an important role in interpreting the results: RNWVB, TZ, VA, TD, MA Drafted or revised the manuscript: RNWVB, TZ, VA, TD, MA Approved the final version: RNWVB, TZ, VA, TD, MA Agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved: RNWVB, TZ, VA, TD, MA

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Correspondence to Michael Abern.

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Rand Wilcox Vanden Berg declares no competing financial interests. Thomas Zilli declares no competing financial interests. Vérane Achard declares no competing financial interests. Tanya Dorff paid consultant for Astellas, astra Zeneca, Bayer, Janssen, and Sanofi. Michael Abern declares no competing financial interests.

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Vanden Berg, R.N.W., Zilli, T., Achard, V. et al. The diagnosis and treatment of castrate-sensitive oligometastatic prostate cancer: A review. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 26, 702–711 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-023-00688-w

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