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The impact of anthropogenic climate change on pediatric viral diseases

Pediatric Research volume 95, pages 496–507 (2024)Cite this article

Abstract

The adverse effects of climate change on human health are unfolding in real time. Environmental fragmentation is amplifying spillover of viruses from wildlife to humans. Increasing temperatures are expanding mosquito and tick habitats, introducing vector-borne viruses into immunologically susceptible populations. More frequent flooding is spreading water-borne viral pathogens, while prolonged droughts reduce regional capacity to prevent and respond to disease outbreaks with adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene resources. Worsening air quality and altered transmission seasons due to an increasingly volatile climate may exacerbate the impacts of respiratory viruses. Furthermore, both extreme weather events and long-term climate variation are causing the destruction of health systems and large-scale migrations, reshaping health care delivery in the face of an evolving global burden of viral disease. Because of their immunological immaturity, differences in physiology (e.g., size), dependence on caregivers, and behavioral traits, children are particularly vulnerable to climate change. This investigation into the unique pediatric viral threats posed by an increasingly inhospitable world elucidates potential avenues of targeted programming and uncovers future research questions to effect equitable, actionable change.

Impact

  • A review of the effects of climate change on viral threats to pediatric health, including zoonotic, vector-borne, water-borne, and respiratory viruses, as well as distal threats related to climate-induced migration and health systems.

  • A unique focus on viruses offers a more in-depth look at the effect of climate change on vector competence, viral particle survival, co-morbidities, and host behavior.

  • An examination of children as a particularly vulnerable population provokes programming tailored to their unique set of vulnerabilities and encourages reflection on equitable climate adaptation frameworks.

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Fig. 1: Projected Emissions and Global Temperatures.
Fig. 2: Projected Range of Aedes species Mosquitos.

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Data availability

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

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Funding

Dr. Eugene T. Richardson and Smit Chitre are funded by a Harvard Center for African Studies Motsepe Presidential Research Accelerator grant; Smit Chitre is also funded by the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs Medium Faculty Grant.

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Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally: Smit D. Chitre, Cecilia M. Crews.

  2. These authors jointly supervised this work: Megan Coffee, Eugene T. Richardson.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Smit D. Chitre & Eugene T. Richardson

  2. Heilbrunn Department of Population & Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA

    Cecilia M. Crews, Mesfin Teklu Tessema & Megan Coffee

  3. International Rescue Committee, New York, NY, USA

    Mesfin Teklu Tessema & Megan Coffee

  4. Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania

    Indrė Plėštytė-Būtienė

  5. New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    Megan Coffee

  6. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Eugene T. Richardson

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Chitre, S.D., Crews, C.M., Tessema, M.T. et al. The impact of anthropogenic climate change on pediatric viral diseases. Pediatr Res 95, 496–507 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-023-02929-z

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