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Psychedelics for acquired brain injury: a review of molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential

Molecular Psychiatry (2024)Cite this article

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Abstract

Acquired brain injury (ABI), such as traumatic brain injury and stroke, is a leading cause of disability worldwide, resulting in debilitating acute and chronic symptoms, as well as an increased risk of developing neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. These symptoms can stem from various neurophysiological insults, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, imbalances in neurotransmission, and impaired neuroplasticity. Despite advancements in medical technology and treatment interventions, managing ABI remains a significant challenge. Emerging evidence suggests that psychedelics may rapidly improve neurobehavioral outcomes in patients with various disorders that share physiological similarities with ABI. However, research specifically focussed on psychedelics for ABI is limited. This narrative literature review explores the neurochemical properties of psychedelics as a therapeutic intervention for ABI, with a focus on serotonin receptors, sigma-1 receptors, and neurotrophic signalling associated with neuroprotection, neuroplasticity, and neuroinflammation. The promotion of neuronal growth, cell survival, and anti-inflammatory properties exhibited by psychedelics strongly supports their potential benefit in managing ABI. Further research and translational efforts are required to elucidate their therapeutic mechanisms of action and to evaluate their effectiveness in treating the acute and chronic phases of ABI.

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Fig. 1: The aftermath of acquired brain injury simplified.
Fig. 2: Psychedelics are neuroprotective, neuroplastogenic, and anti-inflammatory.

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Acknowledgements

SRS and SSD are supported by funding from Michael Smith Health Research BC. JA, SRS, and CJF are supported by funding from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Josh Allen & Sandy R. Shultz

  2. Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy Post-Graduate Program, Health Sciences and Human Services, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada

    Shannon S. Dames

  3. Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia

    Claire J. Foldi

  4. Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia

    Claire J. Foldi

  5. Centre for Trauma and Mental Health Research, Health Sciences and Human Services, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada

    Sandy R. Shultz

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Allen, J., Dames, S.S., Foldi, C.J. et al. Psychedelics for acquired brain injury: a review of molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Mol Psychiatry (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-023-02360-0

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