Abstract
Possessing intriguing optoelectronic properties, metal halide perovskites can serve as a large-scale platform for miniaturized photonic circuits with on-chip active devices such as lasers and detectors.
Over the past decade, one-dimensional (1D) micro or nanostructures based on organic/inorganic semiconductors have been demonstrated as an effective interconnects and as building blocks of miniaturized photonic circuits consisting two or more waveguides - a spatially inhomogeneous structures for guiding light. Due to their small dimensions, waveguides allow miniaturization and the design of efficient optical components on a chip1,2.
Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have emerged as new photovoltaic materials with impressively high-power conversion efficiency due to their high optical absorption coefficient and long charge carrier diffusion length. PIC can harness their optical properties enabling novel functionalities between Perovskite confined excitons and optical waveguide modes3. High-quality perovskite microwires can serve as an effective building block in micro- and nano-scale photonic circuits4. The integration of efficient light sources and detectors on a chip are highly desired. However, materials of photonic integrated circuitry dictate the functionality of the circuit. Today’s state-of-the-art fabrication, and functionalities, gives a snapshot of on-chip complexity currently achievable with perovskite and sub-group of perovskites waveguides as summarized in Table 1.
The attempt to create waveguides was shown for small areas perovskites and sub-group of perovskites. In Xu et al.5, scientists reported the method for controlled fabrication of areas of large-scale metal halide perovskite. The successful realization of crystallization method for the homogeneous perovskite single crystal arrays spanning 100 square centimeter areas. This method enables precise control over the crystal arrays, including different array shapes and resolutions with less than 10%-pixel position variation, tunable pixel dimensions from 2 μm to 8 μm as well as the in-plane rotation of each pixel. This may allow for a new type of photonic circuits with novel optoelectronics capabilities (Fig. 1).
Schematic view of the photonic integrated circuit with active waveguides made of perovskite
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Karabchevsky, A. Perovskite beyond solar: toward novel developments of lasers and detectors for photonic circuits. Light Sci Appl 12, 160 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-023-01197-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-023-01197-0
