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Factors associated with follow-up of infants with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy in a high-risk infant clinic in California

Journal of Perinatology volume 41, pages 1347–1354 (2021)Cite this article

Subjects

Abstract

Objective

To determine the rates of high-risk infant follow-up (HRIF) attendance and the characteristics associated with follow-up among infants with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in California.

Study design

Using population-based datasets, 1314 infants with HIE born in 2010–2016 were evaluated. The characteristics associated with follow-up were identified through multivariable logistic regression.

Results

73.9% of infants attended HRIF by age 1. Follow-up rates increased and variation in follow-up by clinic decreased over time. Female infants; those born to African-American, single, less than college-educated, or publicly insured caregivers; and those referred to high-volume or regional programs had lower follow-up rates. In multivariable analysis, Asian and Pacific Islander race/ethnicity had lower odds of follow-up; infants with college- or graduate school-educated caregivers or referred to mid-volume HRIF programs had greater odds.

Conclusion

Sociodemographic and program-level characteristics were associated with lack of follow-up among HIE infants. Understanding these characteristics may improve the post-discharge care of HIE infants.

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Funding

This study was supported by grant number F32 HD096778-01 from the National Institutes of Health, awarded to VVP. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA

    Vidya V. Pai, Peiyi Kan, Tianyao Lu, Erika E. Gray, Mihoko Bennett, Henry C. Lee, Suzan L. Carmichael & Susan R. Hintz

  2. California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative, Stanford, CA, USA

    Peiyi Kan, Mihoko Bennett & Henry C. Lee

  3. California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative—California Children’s Services High Risk Infant Follow-Up Quality of Care Initiative, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Tianyao Lu, Erika E. Gray & Susan R. Hintz

  4. Department of Health Care Services, Integrated Systems of Care, California Children’s Services, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Maria A. L. Jocson

  5. Center for Population Health Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA

    Suzan L. Carmichael

  6. Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Obstetrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA

    Suzan L. Carmichael

Authors
  1. Vidya V. Pai
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  6. Maria A. L. Jocson
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  7. Henry C. Lee
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  8. Suzan L. Carmichael
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  9. Susan R. Hintz
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Contributions

VVP contributed to the conceptualization and design of the study, interpreted the data, and drafted and reviewed the manuscript. PK and TL contributed to the design of the study, analyzed and interpreted the data, and reviewed the manuscript. EEG and MB contributed to the design of the study and reviewed the manuscript. MALJ contributed to the conceptualization of the study and reviewed the manuscript. HCL, SLC, and SRH contributed to the conceptualization and design of the study, analyzed the data, and reviewed and revised the manuscript. All authors approved the final version to be published and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vidya V. Pai.

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Pai, V.V., Kan, P., Lu, T. et al. Factors associated with follow-up of infants with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy in a high-risk infant clinic in California. J Perinatol 41, 1347–1354 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-020-00898-3

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