Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Comment
  • Published:

Inflammation and hypertension: more evidence but is there anything new?

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

References

  1. Forouzanfar MH, Liu P, Roth GA, Ng M, Biryukov S, Marczak L, et al. Global burden of hypertension and systolic blood pressure of at least 110 to 115 mm Hg, 1990–2015. JAMA. 2017;317:165–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Beaney T, Schutte AE, Stergiou GS, Borghi C, Burger D, Charchar F, et al. May measurement month 2019: the global blood pressure screening campaign of the International Society of Hypertension. Hypertension. 2020;76:333–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Lakoski SG, Cushman M, Siscovick DS, Blumenthal RS, Palmas W, Burke G, et al. The relationship between inflammation, obesity and risk for hypertension in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). J Hum Hypertens. 2011;25:73–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Grundy SM. Inflammation, hypertension, and the metabolic syndrome. JAMA. 2003;290:3000–2.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bautista LE, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Vera LM, Casas JP, Otero AP, Guaracao AI. Is C-reactive protein an independent risk factor for essential hypertension? J Hypertens. 2001;19:857–61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Li JJ, Fang CH, Hui RT. Is hypertension an inflammatory disease? Med Hypotheses. 2005;64:236–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Libby P. Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature. 2002;420:868–74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Jayedi A, Rahimi K, Bautista LE, Nazarzadeh M, Zargar MS, Shab-Bidar S. Inflammation markers and risk of developing hypertension: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Heart. 2019;105:686–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Rodrigo R, Gonzalez J, Paoletto F. The role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Hypertens Res. 2011;34:431–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Tomiyama H, Ishizu T, Kohro T, Matsumoto C, Higashi Y, Takase B, et al. Longitudinal association among endothelial function, arterial stiffness and subclinical organ damage in hypertension. Int J Cardiol. 2018;253:161–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Nadar S, Blann AD, Lip GY. Endothelial dysfunction: methods of assessment and application to hypertension. Curr Pharm Des. 2004;10:3591–605.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Gordon JH, LaMonte MJ, Zhao J, Genco RJ, Cimato TR, Hovey KM, et al. The association between serum inflammatory biomarkers and incident hypertension among post menopausal women int eh Buffalo OsteoPerio study. J Hum Hypertens. 2020. in press.

  13. Pardhe BD, Ghimire S, Shakya J, Pathak S, Shakya S, Bhetwal A, et al. Elevated cardiovascular risks among postmenopausal women: a community based case control study from Nepal. Biochem Res Int. 2017;2017:3824903.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Ong KL, Tso AW, Lam KS, Cheung BM. Gender difference in blood pressure control and cardiovascular risk factors in Americans with diagnosed hypertension. Hypertension. 2008;51:1142–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Taddei S, Virdis A, Ghiadoni L, Mattei P, Sudano I, Bernini G, et al. Menopause is associated with endothelial dysfunction in women. Hypertension. 1996;28:576–82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Kalantaridou SN, Naka KK, Papanikolaou E, Kazakos N, Kravariti M, Calis KA, et al. Impaired endothelial function in young women with premature ovarian failure: normalization with hormone therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:3907–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Kelemen M, Vaidya D, Waters DD, Howard BV, Cobb F, Younes N, et al. Hormone therapy and antioxidant vitamins do not improve endothelial vasodilator function in postmenopausal women with established coronary artery disease: a substudy of the Women’s Angiographic Vitamin and Estrogen (WAVE) trial. Atherosclerosis. 2005;179:193–200.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Hogarth AJ, Burns J, Mackintosh AF, Mary DA. Sympathetic nerve hyperactivity of essential hypertension is lower in postmenopausal women than men. J Hum Hypertens. 2008;22:544–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Schunkert H, Danser AH, Hense HW, Derkx FH, Kurzinger S, Riegger GA. Effects of estrogen replacement therapy on the renin-angiotensin system in postmenopausal women. Circulation. 1997;95:39–45.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Ozbey N, Sencer E, Molvalilar S, Orhan Y. Body fat distribution and cardiovascular disease risk factors in pre- and postmenopausal obese women with similar BMI. Endocr J. 2002;49:503–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Steiner M, Dunn E, Born L. Hormones and mood: from menarche to menopause and beyond. J Affect Disord. 2003;74:67–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Asferg C, Mogelvang R, Flyvbjerg A, Frystyk J, Jensen JS, Marott JL, et al. Leptin, not adiponectin, predicts hypertension in the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Am J Hypertens. 2010;23:327–33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Bell BB, Rahmouni K. Leptin as a mediator of obesity-induced hypertension. Curr Obes Rep. 2016;5:397–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Hall JE, Hildebrandt DA, Kuo J. Obesity hypertension: role of leptin and sympathetic nervous system. Am J Hypertens. 2001;14:103S-15S.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Bombardier C, Laine L, Reicin A, Shapiro D, Burgos-Vargas R, Davis B, et al. Comparison of upper gastrointestinal toxicity of rofecoxib and naproxen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. VIGOR Study Group. N. Engl J Med. 2000;343:1520–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Solomon SD, McMurray JJ, Pfeffer MA, Wittes J, Fowler R, Finn P, et al. Cardiovascular risk associated with celecoxib in a clinical trial for colorectal adenoma prevention. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1071–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Kunutsor SK, Laukkanen JA. Should inflammatory pathways be targeted for the prevention and treatment of hypertension? Heart. 2019;105:665–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sunil K. Nadar.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Nadar, S.K., Goyal, D. Inflammation and hypertension: more evidence but is there anything new?. J Hum Hypertens 35, 561–563 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371-020-00463-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371-020-00463-7

Search

Quick links