Cancer is the third leading cause of death amongst renal transplant recipients (RTRs), potentially owing to impaired immune surveillance resulting from treatment with immunosuppressive agents; however, the risk of each individual cancer is uncertain and conflicting data support a link between kidney transplantation and bladder cancer. In a recent meta-analysis of data from 79,998 patients (covering 308,458 patient-years), RTRs had a 3.18-fold increased risk of bladder cancer compared with the general population. Interestingly, the risk was only 2-fold greater in European patients, but 14.74-fold higher in Asian patients.