Young men diagnosed with 46 XY DSD during childhood are at high risk of testicular insufficiency and micropenis persisting into adulthood, according to a recent observational study. 19 men with severe hypospadias who had been diagnosed with 46 XY DSD in childhood were re-examined at a median age of 17.6 years, when only 26% of patients had normal testicular function and 50% were >5 cm below their target adult height.