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Precision medicine in cardiology

Nature Reviews Cardiology volume 13, pages 591–602 (2016)Cite this article

Subjects

Key Points

  • Precision medicine is an evolving strategy for disease prevention and tailored treatment that incorporates individual genetic, environmental, and experiential variability

  • Cardiovascular specialists are well positioned to use precision medicine to facilitate discovery science and make clinical research more efficient, with the goal of providing more precise information to improve the health of individuals and populations

  • Implementation of precision medicine will require construction of a digital ecosystem and overcoming sociopolitical barriers — issues that are beginning to be addressed by cardiovascular investigators

  • Paradigm shifts in our approach to health and disease, as well as education of health-care providers and the lay public, are necessary to realize the benefits of precision medicine

Abstract

The cardiovascular research and clinical communities are ideally positioned to address the epidemic of noncommunicable causes of death, as well as advance our understanding of human health and disease, through the development and implementation of precision medicine. New tools will be needed for describing the cardiovascular health status of individuals and populations, including 'omic' data, exposome and social determinants of health, the microbiome, behaviours and motivations, patient-generated data, and the array of data in electronic medical records. Cardiovascular specialists can build on their experience and use precision medicine to facilitate discovery science and improve the efficiency of clinical research, with the goal of providing more precise information to improve the health of individuals and populations. Overcoming the barriers to implementing precision medicine will require addressing a range of technical and sociopolitical issues. Health care under precision medicine will become a more integrated, dynamic system, in which patients are no longer a passive entity on whom measurements are made, but instead are central stakeholders who contribute data and participate actively in shared decision-making. Many traditionally defined diseases have common mechanisms; therefore, elimination of a siloed approach to medicine will ultimately pave the path to the creation of a universal precision medicine environment.

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Figure 1: Essential features and goals of a precision medicine system.
Figure 2: Precision medicine — describing individuals.
Figure 3: Enrichment strategies for clinical trials.
Figure 4: Precision prescribing.
Figure 5: Examples of biomarker-guided trials.

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Acknowledgements

The AHA is creating an Institute for Precision Cardiovascular Medicine. The authors acknowledge the Strategic Planning Committee for the Institute; many of their contributions have been incorporated into Figures 1 and 2.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Brigham and Women's Hospital, TIMI Study Group, 350 Longwood Avenue, Office Level One, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA

    Elliott M. Antman

  2. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA

    Joseph Loscalzo

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  1. Elliott M. Antman
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Both authors contributed to researching data, discussions of content, writing the article, and to reviewing and editing of the manuscript before submission.

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Correspondence to Elliott M. Antman.

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Antman, E., Loscalzo, J. Precision medicine in cardiology. Nat Rev Cardiol 13, 591–602 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2016.101

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