A study optogenetically generating or suppressing activity in excitatory neocortical neurons in vivo finds that layer 5 pyramidal cells initiate and maintain widespread UP states, whereas layer 2/3 cells are subsidiary.
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Hughes, S., Crunelli, V. UP states rise from the depths. Nat Neurosci 16, 115–117 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3313
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3313