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Near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure microscopy of organic and magnetic materials

Nature Materials volume 8, pages 281–290 (2009)Cite this article

Abstract

Many high-performance materials and novel devices consist of multiple components and are naturally or intentionally nano-structured for optimal properties and performance. To understand their structure–property relationships fully, quantitative compositional analysis at length scales below 100 nm is required, a need that is often uniquely addressed using soft X-ray microscopy. Similarly, the interaction of X-rays with magnetic materials provides unique element-specific contrast that allows the determination of magnetic properties in multi-element antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic materials. Pump–probe-type experiments can even investigate magnetic domain dynamics. Here we review and exemplify the ability of soft X-ray micro-scopy to provide information that is otherwise inaccessible, and discuss a perspective on future developments.

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Figure 1: Illustration of compositional, linear and circular magnetic dichroic contrast mechanisms using NEXAFS spectroscopy.
Figure 2: NEXAFS imaging of latex particles and microballoons dispersed in water.
Figure 3: NEXAFS compositional mapping applied to two-component organic electronic devices that show macroscopic phase separation.
Figure 4: NEXAFS orientational maps for spider silk in the dry and wet states.
Figure 5: Domain structures in a platinum–cobalt bilayer on an antiferromagnetic LaFeO3 substrate observed in a PEEM.
Figure 6: Time-resolved imaging of spin-transfer switching69,70.
Figure 7: Sketch of switching of the vortex core polarization by an in-plane magnetic field pulse of 1.5 mT as revealed by time-resolved X-ray microscopy78.
Figure 8: Illustration of X-ray ptychography.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to J. Stöhr, R. Fink, A. P. Hitchcock, M. Pézolet, C. McNeill, Y. Acremann and H. Chapman for providing us with figures and A. P. Hitchcock for commenting on a draft document. H.A. is supported by the US Department of Energy under contract DE-FG02-98ER45737.

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  1. Department of Physics, NCSU, Raleigh, 27695, North Carolina, USA

    Harald Ade

  2. Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Heisenbergstraβe 3, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany

    Herman Stoll

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Ade, H., Stoll, H. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure microscopy of organic and magnetic materials. Nature Mater 8, 281–290 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2399

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