HIV-1 infection results in chronic activation of the immune system—a process that is thought to contribute to T-cell depletion and progression to AIDS. Chronic activation is now suggested to occur through a breakdown of the mucosal barrier and stimulation of immune cells by microbial products (pages 1365–1371).
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Haynes, B. Gut microbes out of control in HIV infection. Nat Med 12, 1351–1352 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1206-1351
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1206-1351
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