China, Brazil and India have begun to challenge the traditional science leadership role of the United States, asserts a report from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The UNESCO Science Report 2010, released on 10 November and last out in 2005, notes that the total number of researchers in China ballooned by 75% to 1.42 million in 2007, roughly the same number as in the United States and just below the European Union's 1.44 million. Lidia Brito, UNESCO's science policy director, says that this growth heralds new collaborative prospects for researchers in all nations. But success, she says, requires that young scientists develop multicultural teamwork talents.