T cell activation usually requires TCR engagement by antigen and another, costimulatory, signal. Modeling studies now indicate that this second signal may only slightly enhance TCR signaling, but nevertheless results in an exponential increase in cell numbers.
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van der Merwe, P. Modeling costimulation. Nat Immunol 1, 194–195 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1038/79729
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/79729