Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Patents
  • Published:

Finding common cause in the patent debate

To move the biotechnology patent debate forward, the first step is to establish clear goals for both industry and civil society.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

References

  1. Biotechnology Industry Organization (http://www.bio.org/aboutbio/guide2000/guide_agriculture.html) (1999).

  2. Ho, M. Greenpeace International Genetic Engineering Campaign (http://www.greenpeace.org/~comms/cbio/geperil.html ) (1996).

  3. Wrong, M. A cautious advocate of change. Financial Times (5 May 2000).

  4. Caulfield, T.A. & Gold, E.R. FORUM for Appl. Res. Pub. Pol. 75 (Spring 2000).

  5. Ludlum, C.E. (http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/comments/utilguide/index.html) (22 March 2000).

  6. Rissler, J. (http://www.ucsusa.org/agriculture/perspective.html) (5 May 2000).

  7. Dunner, D.R. et al. Fed. Circuit B.J. 5, 151 ( 1995).

    Google Scholar 

  8. See US Patent and Trademark Office's Revised Interim Utility Guidelines and Revised Interim Description Guidelines.

  9. Hunt, R. Bus. Rev.–Fed. Reserve Bank of Phila. 15 (Nov-Dec 1999).

  10. Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 447 U.S. 303 (1980).

  11. Bayh-Dole Act, Pub. L. No. 96-517 ( 1980) (codified as amended at 35 USCA §§ 200– 212 (1984)).

  12. Press, E. & Washburn, J. The Atlantic Monthly 39 (March 2000).

  13. Mansfield, E. et al. Economic J. 91, 907 ( 1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Merges, R.P. High Tech. L.J. 7, 1 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Merges, R.P. & Nelson, R.R. p. 185 in Market structure and technical advance: the role of patent scope decisions, in Antitrust, Innovation, and Competitiveness. Jorde, T.M. & Teece, D.J. (eds). Oxford University Press, New York (1992).

  16. Heller, M.A. & Eisenberg, R.S. Science 280, 698 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Schankerman, M. RAND J. of Econ. 29, 77 (1998 ).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Schankerman, M. & Pakes, A. Economic J. 96, 1052 (1986).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Schrecker, T. et al. (http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/SSG/ip01079e.html#pat2) ( 1997).

  20. Hanson, M.J. The Hastings Center Rpt., 27, S1 ( 1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Campbell, C.S. Kennedy Inst. Ethics J., 8, 275 ( 1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. http://www.grain.org/publications/reports/pirates.htm (July 2000).

  23. Caulfield, T.A. J. Consumer Policy 21, 483 (1999 ).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Mann, C.C. Tech. Rev. 37 (July/August 1999).

  25. Downes, D. & Stilwell, M. (http://www.ciel.org ).

  26. Shiva, V. et al.(http://burn.ucsd.edu/~aaron/IntProp/Urgent_Action_Appeal.html) (14 August 1997).

  27. Seuret, F. & Brac de la Perrière, R.A. Le Monde Diplomatique, 24 (July 2000).

  28. Conway, G. ( http://www.biotech-info.net/gordon_conway.html) (24 June 1999).

  29. Hegde, R. (http://commin.nic.in/wtofeb.html) (18-20 May 1998).

  30. Gold, E.R. McGill L.J. 45, 413 (2000).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. UN ESC. UN Doc. E/CN.17/2000/7/Add.2 (2 February 2000).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gold, E. Finding common cause in the patent debate. Nat Biotechnol 18, 1217–1218 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1038/81233

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/81233

This article is cited by

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing