Abstract
We have produced a variant of human uterine tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) with increased in vivo fibrinolytic activity. The variant, termed mutant A, contains an asparagine to glutamine point mutation that prevents N–glycosylation at residue 451. Mutant A tPA was produced by in vitro mutagenesis of the tPA cDNA, followed by expression in mouse cells using a bovine papilloma virus (BPV) expression vector. After purification, the properties of mutant A and native tPA were compared. The two proteins have equivalent proteolytic activities and fibrin–binding properties, but mutant A tPA has a significantly longer systemic half–life in rabbits. In consequence, mutant A tPA has greater in vivo fibrinolytic activity than native tPA at an equivalent dose. These studies implicate glycosylation pattern as a significant determinant of systemic half–life of tPA and suggest that mutant A tPA will be an improved thrombolytic agent.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Collen, D. (1980). On the regulation and control of fibrinolysis. Thromb. Haemostas 43 77–89.
Hessel, L.W. & Kluft, C. (1986). Advances in clinical fibrinolysis. Clinics in Haematology 15: 443–463.
Pennica, D., Holmes, W.E., Kohr, W.J., Harkins, R.N., Vehar, G.A., Ward, C.A., Bennett, W.F., Yelverton, E., Seeburg, P.H., Heyneker, H.L., Goeddel, D.V. and Collen, D. (1983). Cloning and expression of human tissue-type plasminogen activator cDNA in E. coli . Nature 301: 214–221.
Edlund, T., Ny, T., Ranby, M., Heden, L.-O., Palm, G., Holmgren, E., & Josephson, S. (1983). Isolation of cDNA sequences coding for a part of human tissue plasminogen activator. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80: 349–352.
Collen, D., Stassen, J.M., Marafino, B.J. Jr., Builder, S., DeCock, F., Ogez, J., Tajiri, D., Pennica, D., Bennett, W.F., Salwa, J. and Hoyng, C.F. (1984). Biological properties of human tissue-type plasminogen activator obtained by expression of recombinant DNA in mammalian cells. J. Pharm. Exptl. Therap. 231: 146–152.
Ichinose, A., Takio, K. & Fujikawa, K. (1986). Localization of the binding site of tissue-type plasminogen activator to fibrin. J. Clin. Invest. 78: 163–169.
Rijken, D.C. & Groeneveld, E. (1986). Isolation and functional characterization of the heavy and light chains of human tissue-type plasminogen activator. J. Biol. Chem. 261: 3098–3102.
Kagitani, H., Tagawa, M., Hatanaka, K., Ikari, T., Saito, A., Bando, H., Okada, K. & Matsuo, O. (1985). Expression in E. coli of finger-domain lacking tissue-type plasminogen activator with high fibrin affinity. FEBS Lett. 189: 145–149.
van Zonneveld, A.-J., Veerman, H., & Pannekoek, H. (1986). On the interaction of the finger and the kringle-2 domain of tissue-type plasminogen activator with fibrin. J. Biol. Chem. 261: 14214–14218.
van Zonneveld, A.-J., Veerman, H., & Pannekoek, H. (1986). Autonomous functions of structural domains on human tissue-type plasminogen activator. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 4670–4674.
van Zonneveld, A.-J., Veerman, H., MacDonald, M.E., van Mourik, J.A., & Pannekoek, H. (1986). Structure and function of human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). J. Cell. Biochem. 32: 169–178.
MacDonald, M.E., van Zonneveld, A.-J., & Pannekoek, H. (1986). Functional analysis of the human tissue-type plasminogen activator protein: the light chain. Gene 42 59–67.
Collen, D., Stassen, J.M. & Verstraete, M. (1983). Thrombolysis with human extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator in rabbits with experimental jugular vein thrombosis. J. Clin. Invest. 71: 368–376.
Topol, E.J., Ciuffo, A.A., Pearson, T.A., Dillman, J., Builder, S., Grossbard, E., Weisfeldt, M.L. & Bulkley, B.H. (1985). Thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in atherosclerotic thrombotic occlusion. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 5 85–91.
Korninger, C., Matsuo, O., Suy, R., Stassen, J.M. & Collen, D. (1982). Thrombolysis with human extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator in dogs with femoral vein thrombosis. J. Clin. Invest. 69: 573–580.
Bergmann, S.R., Fox, K.A.A., Ter-Pogossian, M.M., Sobel, B.E. & Collen, D. (1983). Clot-selective coronary thrombolysis with tissue-type plasminogen activator. Science 220: 1181–1183.
Gold, H.K., Fallon, J.T., Yasuda, T., Leinbach, R.C., Khaw, B.A., Newell, J.B., Guerrero, J.L., Vislosky, F.M., Hoyng, C.F., Gross-bard, E. & Collen, D. (1984). Coronary thrombolysis with recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator. Circ. 70: 700–707.
Flameng, W., Van de Werf, F, Vanhaecke, J., Verstraete, M., & Collen, D. (1985). Coronary thrombolysis and infarct size reduction after intravenous infusion of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in nonhuman primates. J. Clin. Invest. 75 84–90.
Weimer, W., Stibbe, J., van Seyen, A.J., Billiau, A., De Somer, P., & Collen, D. (1981). Specific lysis of an iliofemoral thrombus by administration of extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator. Lancet 2: 1018–1020.
Van de Werf, F., Ludbrook, P.A., Bergmann, S.R., Tiefenbrunn, A.J., Fox, K.A.A., De Geest, H., Verstraete, M., Collen, D., & Sobel, B.E. (1984). Coronary thrombolysis with tissue-type plasmino gen activator in patients with evolving myocardial infarction. N. Engl.J. Med. 310: 609–613.
Sobel, B.E. (1986). Coronary thrombolysis with tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA): emerging strategies. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 5: 1220 1225.
TIMI Study Group.1985. The thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) trial. N. Engl. J. Med. 312: 932–936.
Verstraete, M., Bernard, R., Bory, M., Brower, R.W., Collen, D., de Bono, D.P. . Erbel, R., Huhmann, W., Lennane, R.J., Lubsen, J., Mathey, D., Meyer, J., Michels, H.R., Rutsch, W., Schartl, M., Schmidt, W., Uebis, R., & Von Essen, R. (1985). Randomised trial of intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator versus intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1: 842–847.
Verstraete, M., Bounameaux, H., De Cock, F., Van de Werf, F. & Collen, D. (1985). Pharmacokinetics and systemic fibrinogenolytic effects of recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in humans. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 235: 506–512.
Collen, D., Bounameaux, H., De Cock, F., Linjen, H.R. & Verstraete, M. (1986). Analysis of coagulation and fibrinolysis during intravenous infusion of recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 73: 511–517.
Matsuo, M. (1982). Turnover of tissue plasminogen activator in man. Thromb. Haemostas 48 242.
Collen, D. & Verstraete, M. (1983). Systemic thrombolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 68: 462–465.
Korninger, C., Stassen, J.M. & Collen, D. (1981). Turnover of human extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator in rabbits. Thromb. Haemostas. 46: 658–661.
Nilsson, S., Einarsson, M., Ekvarn, S., Haggroth, L. & Mattsson, C. (1985). Turnover of tissue plasminogen activator in normal and hepatectomized rabbits. Thromb. Res. 39: 511–521.
Bounameaux, H., Stassen, J.M., Seghers, C. & Collen, D. (1986). Influence of fibrin and liver blood flow on the turnover and the systemic fibrinogenolytic effects of recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator in rabbits. Blood 67: 1493–1497.
Ross, M.J. & Grossbard, E.B. (1985). Plasminogen activators. Ann. Rep. Med. Chem. 20: 107–115
Rijken, D.C. & Emeis, J.J. (1986). Clearance of the heavy and light polypeptide chains of human tissue-type plasminogen activator in rats. Biochem. J. 238: 643–646.
Fuchs, H.E., Berger, J.H. & Pizzo, S.V. (1985). Catabolism of human tissue plasminogen activator in mice. Blood 65: 539–544.
Emeis, J.J., van den Hoogen, C.M., & Jense, D. (1985). Hepatic clearance of tissue-type plasminogen activator in rats. Thromb. Haemostas. 54: 661–664.
Little, S.P., Bang, N.U., Harms, C.S., Marks, C.A. & Mattler, L.E. (1984). Functional properties of carbohydrate-depleted tissue plasminogen activator. Biochemistry 23: 6191–6195.
Rijken, D.C., Emeis, J.J. & Gerwig, G.J. (1985). On the composition and function of the carbohydrate moiety of tissue-type plasminogen activator from human melanoma cells. Thromb. Haemostas. 54: 788–791.
Ashwell, G. & Harford, J. (1982). Carbohydrate-specific receptors of the liver. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 51: 531–554.
Wei, C.M., Lemontt, J.F., Reddy, V.B. & Hsiung, N. (1985). Cloning, sequencing, and expression of human uterine tissue plasminogen activator cDNA. DNA 4: 76.
Reddy, V.B., Garramone, A.J., Hsiung, N. & Wei, C.M. (1986). Construction and analysis of bovine papilloma virus vectors for the expression of tissue plasminogen activator in mouse cells. J. Cell. Biochem. supplement 10D: 154.
Zoller, M.J. & Smith, M. (1982). Oligonucleotide-directed mutagene-sis using M13-derived vectors: an efficient and general procedure for the production of point mutations in any fragment. Nucleic Acids Res. 10: 6487–6450.
Pohl, G., Kallstrom, M., Bergsdorf, N., Wallen, P. & Jornvall, H. (1984). Tissue plasminogen activator: peptide analyses confirm an indirectly derived amino acid sequence, identify active site serine residue, establish glycosylation sites, and localize variant differences. Biochemistry 23: 3701–3707.
Rijken, D.C., Hoylaerts, M. & Collen, D. (1982). Fibrinolytic properties of one-chain and two-chain human extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator. J. Biol. Chem. 257: 2920–2925.
Nieuwenhuizen, W. & Keyser, J. (1985). Species specificity in the acceleration of tissue-type plasminogen activator-mediated activation of plasminogens by fibrinogen cyanogen bromide fragments. Thromb. Res. 38: 663–670.
Rijken, D.C. & Collen, D. (1981). Purification and characterization of the plasminogen activator secreted by human melanoma cells in culture. J. Biol. Chem. 256: 7035–7041.
Rampling, W.F. & Gaffney, P.J. (1976) The sulfite precipitation method for fibrinogen measurement. Its use on small samples in the presence of fibrinogen degradation products. Clin. Chem. Acta. 67: 43–52.
Verstraete, M., Su, C.A.P.F., Tanswell, P., Feuerer, W. & Collen, D. (1986) Pharmacokinetics and effects on fibrinolytic and tissue-type plasminogen activator in health volunteers. Thromb. Haemostas. 56: 1–5.
Devries, S.R., Fox, K.A.A., Robison, A., Rodriguez, R.U. & Sobel, B.E. (1987). Determinants of clearance of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) from the circulation. Fibrinolysis 1: 17–21.
Plow, E.F., Freaney, D.E., Plescia, J. & Miles, L.A. (1986). The plasminogen system and cell surfaces: evidence for plasminogen and urokinase receptors on the same cell type. J. Cell Biol. 103: 2411–2420.
Hsiung, N., Fitts, R., Wilson, S., Milne, A. & Hamer, D. (1984). Efficient production of hepatitis B surface antigen using a bovine papilloma virus metallothionein vector. J. Mol. Applied Genetics 2: 497–506.
Kaltoft, K., Nielsen, L.S., Zeuthen, J. & Dano, K. (1982). Monoclonal antibody that specifically inhibits a human Mr 52,000 plasminogen-activating enzyme. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79: 3720–3723.
Gurewich, B., Pannell, R., Louie, S., Kelley, P., Suddith, R.L. & Greenlee, R. (1984). Effective and fibrin specific clot lysis by a zymogen precursor form of urokinase-prourokinase a study in vitro and in two animal species. J. Clin. Invest. 73: 1731–1739.
Verheijen, J.H., Mullaart, E., Chang, G.T.G., Kluft, C. & Wijn-gaards, G. (1982). A simple, sensitive spectrophotometric assay for extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator applicable to measurements in plasma. Thromb. Haemostas. 48: 266–269.
Mussoni, L., Raczka, E., Chmielewska, J., Donata, M.B. & Latallo, Z.S. (1979).Plasminogen assay in rabbit, rat and mouse plasma using the chromogenic substrate S-2251. Thromb. Res. 15: 341–350.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lau, D., Kuzma, G., Wei, CM. et al. A Modified Human Tissue Plasminogen Activator with Extended Half–Life In Vivo. Nat Biotechnol 5, 953–958 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0987-953
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0987-953