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Nanomaterials derived from metal–organic frameworks

Nature Reviews Materials volume 3, Article number: 17075 (2018) Cite this article

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Abstract

The thermal transformation of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) generates a variety of nanostructured materials, including carbon-based materials, metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, metal phosphides and metal carbides. These derivatives of MOFs have characteristics such as high surface areas, permanent porosities and controllable functionalities that enable their good performance in sensing, gas storage, catalysis and energy-related applications. Although progress has been made to tune the morphologies of MOF-derived structures at the nanometre scale, it remains crucial to further our knowledge of the relationship between morphology and performance. In this Review, we summarize the synthetic strategies and optimized methods that enable control over the size, morphology, composition and structure of the derived nanomaterials. In addition, we compare the performance of materials prepared by the MOF-templated strategy and other synthetic methods. Our aim is to reveal the relationship between the morphology and the physico-chemical properties of MOF-derived nanostructures to optimize their performance for applications such as sensing, catalysis, and energy storage and conversion.

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Figure 1: Timeline of important breakthroughs in the morphologies, compositions and applications of MOF-derived nanostructures.
Figure 2: Synthetic strategies for the construction of 0D MOF-derived nanostructures.
Figure 3: Representative strategies for constructing 1D MOF-derived nanostructures.
Figure 4: Strategies for the construction of 2D MOF-derived nanostructures.
Figure 5: Strategies for the construction of 3D MOF-derived nanostructures.

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Acknowledgements

Q.X. thanks AIST and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) for financial support (KAKENHI NO. 26289379). Q.-L.Z. and S.D. thank JSPS for postdoctoral and invitation fellowships, respectively.

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Author notes

  1. Song Dang and Qi-Long Zhu: These authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, 563–8577, Osaka, Japan

    Song Dang, Qi-Long Zhu & Qiang Xu

  2. AIST-Kyoto University Chemical Energy Materials Open Innovation Laboratory (ChEM-OIL), Yoshida Sakyo-ku, 606–8501, Kyoto, Japan

    Qiang Xu

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  1. Song Dang
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Q.X. proposed the topic of the Review. S.D. collected the research data and co-wrote the paper, S.D., Q.-L.Z. and Q.X. made substantial contributions to the discussion, and Q.X. edited the manuscript before submission. Q.-L.Z. and S.D. contributed equally to this work.

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Correspondence to Qiang Xu.

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Dang, S., Zhu, QL. & Xu, Q. Nanomaterials derived from metal–organic frameworks. Nat Rev Mater 3, 17075 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2017.75

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