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Hospital neonatal services in the United States: variation in definitions, criteria, and regulatory status, 2008

Journal of Perinatology volume 29, pages 788–794 (2009)Cite this article

Abstract

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to describe variation among states in designations of hospital neonatal services levels.

Study Design:

We systematically searched all 50 states and District of Columbia governmental web sites and extracted definitions and levels terminology, functional and utilization criteria, regulatory compliance and funding measures, and citation of American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) documents on levels of neonatal care.

Result:

Thirty-three states designate multiple graduated levels of neonatal services. Two to six levels were designated by numbers, titles, or both. Regulatory sources include hospital licensure, Certificate of Need or State Health Plan (CON/SHP), State Health Department, or an affiliated non-governmental entity (SHD/affiliate). Twenty-four states have a single source and nine have two or more. Functional criteria include population characteristics, respiratory care capabilities, and neonatal and cardiac surgery in 25 states. Utilization criteria include capacity, volume, occupancy, or case mix. Compliance mechanisms include license renewal, CON/SHP approval, and/or SHD/affiliate certification. Thirteen states link funding for the highest level of care through Medicaid, Maternal Child Health Title V funds or regional programs. AAP documents are cited or incorporated by reference in 22 states.

Conclusion:

All states regulate health care services and facilities. Definitions, criteria, compliance mechanisms, and regulatory source and status of neonatal levels of service vary widely. A consistent national approach would facilitate comparisons in neonatal outcomes and resource use and be informative to parents, providers, and policy makers. AAP documents could serve as a mechanism to foster such consistency.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the valuable contributions of Dilip R Bhatt, MD and his staff to our earlier work in this area that were the basis for the preliminary report at the Pediatric Academic Societies May, 2005 and informed this 2008 update and re-analysis. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    L R Blackmon

  2. Division of Reproductive Health, Maternal Child Health Epidemiology Team, Applied Sciences Branch, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA

    W D Barfield

  3. Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Head, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA

    A R Stark

Authors
  1. L R Blackmon
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  2. W D Barfield
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  3. A R Stark
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Correspondence to L R Blackmon.

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Blackmon, L., Barfield, W. & Stark, A. Hospital neonatal services in the United States: variation in definitions, criteria, and regulatory status, 2008. J Perinatol 29, 788–794 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2009.148

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