Abstract
Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis data from 24 orthologous loci (212 alleles) were used to infer the genetic similarities between 11 Tephritidae pest species from the Ceratitis, Trirhithrum, Capparimyia, Bactrocera, Anastrepha and Rhagoletis genera. Within some of the considered species, different degrees of genetic variability were demonstrated, which appear to be related to zoogeography and to the biological traits peculiar to each species. Nei (1978) and Cavalli-Sforza & Edwards (1967) genetic distances were used to express the genetic divergence and to infer phylogenetic relationships among the species. The upgma clustering algorithm and the optimality criteria of Fitch & Margoliash (1967), with (kitsch) and without (fitch) the tree constrained to have contemporary tips, were used. All the methods indicate the same clusters of species. One cluster is composed of Ceratitis capitata, Trirhithrum coffeae and Capparimyia savastanoi, another is composed of Rhagoletis cerasi, Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera oleae. A further loose cluster is comprised of Ceratitis rosa and Anastrepha spp. The congruence between electrophoretic phylogeny and morphological classification is discussed. Our analysis also elucidated cases, within the Ceratitis and Bactrocera genera, of interest from the evolutionary point of view, where allozyme dendrograms do not correlate well with morphological taxonomic relationships.
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Acknowledgements
We are indebted to the following people for having provided the specimens studied: J.Hendrich (IAEA, Vienna, Austria), T. Mukiama (University of Nairobi, Kenya); E. Osir (ICIPE, Nairobi, Kenya); S. Quilici (IFRA, Saint-Pierre, La Reunion); D.O. Mc-Innis (USDA-ARS, Honolulu, Hawaii); P. Liedo (Tapachula, Messico); CO. Calkins (USDA, Washington, USA). We thank Drs D. Fröhlich and L. Gomulski for reading the manuscript. This research was supported by the C.N.R. (National Research Council of Italy), Special Project RAISA, Subproject No. 2, paper no. 2471. Grants from M.U.R.S.T. (National Ministry of the University and Scientific Research and Technology) (funds 40 per cent) and from IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria) also contributed to this work.
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Malacrida, A., Guglielmino, C., D'Adamo, P. et al. Allozyme divergence and phylogenetic relationships among species of tephritid flies. Heredity 76, 592–602 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1996.85
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1996.85