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For now, it remains unclear whether the catfish’s rainbow colours serve a purpose.Credit: Xiujun Fan et.al/Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA (CC-BY-NC ND-4.0)
How a transparent fish gets its shimmer
The flickering iridescence of the almost entirely see-through ghost catfish (Kryptopterus vitreolus) comes from microscopic structures in its muscles that bend the light, rather than pigments. Other animals display these shimmering structural colours outside their bodies — a peacock’s feathers or a butterfly’s wings — but the ghost catfish is scaleless. Muscle structures could produce iridescence in other transparent species, such as noodlefishes (Salangidae).
China bumps science up the national agenda
Science has been elevated in the Chinese national agenda following policy meetings of the Chinese Communist Party, which concluded yesterday. A new permanent body, which will probably be led by high-level officials, will oversee the existing Ministry of Science and Technology. The move towards more centralized control is driven by geopolitical tensions with the United States, says Marina Zhang, who studies innovation with a focus on China.
A bad case of ‘plasticosis’ in wild birds
The first cases of a new disease caused solely by eating plastics has been discovered in wild seabirds. Researchers examined the stomachs of young flesh-footed shearwaters (Ardenna carneipes) in Australia and found that the more plastics the birds ingested, the more scarring they had in their digestive tracts. The disease, which the researchers named plasticosis, could make the birds more vulnerable to infection and hinder their digestion. “While these birds can look healthy on the outside, they’re not doing well on the inside,” says study co-author and ecologist Alex Bond.
Reference: Journal of Hazardous Materials paper
Four-day week doesn’t hurt productivity
Working four days instead of five, with the same pay, improves employees’ well-being without damaging revenue. In the largest-ever trial of a shortened work week — which ran over 6 months in 61 UK companies — 70% of workers reported lower levels of burnout, and almost 40% said they were less stressed. Companies experienced 65% fewer sick days, resignations more than halved and revenues increased by 1.4% on average, compared with an earlier six-month period. More than 90% of the companies in the pilot, which included industries as diverse as financial-services firms and fish-and-chips shops, said they would continue testing reduced working hours.
Scientific American | 6 min read
Features & opinion
Protein synthesis: just add water
Cell-free processes can make an infinite array of proteins and other biomolecules whenever and wherever they are needed. Instead of relying on living yeast and bacteria, which are more interested in growing than in doing useful industrial work, the approach strips away all the components that make a cell ‘alive’. The remains can be freeze-dried and, once rehydrated, start producing things such as vaccine protein conjugates within an hour — like a ‘just add water’ cake mix. The technology still struggles with protein modifications and complex structures such as antibodies, whose cell-free synthesis would be a “game changer”, says bioengineer Matthew DeLisa.
The toll of caring for research animals
People who work with research animals can pay a profound emotional price. “It’s one of the only caring professions where you have to harm the beings you’re caring for,” says Megan LaFollette, who works for a group that focuses on improving and reducing animal research. Yet science tends to shy away from openly discussing the challenges, for fear of fanning the controversy that surrounds the field. Some scientists are taking tentative steps towards a support system for colleagues who are experiencing ‘compassion fatigue’.
End the era of eponyms
It’s time to axe the practice of naming species after individuals, say 11 ecologists and biologists. They admit that “any call for exceptional changes in how we name nature requires an exceptional rationale”. But they argue that ‘eponyms’ burden the foundation of taxonomy with political baggage — especially the residue of colonialism. For example, more than 60% of the eponyms given to the flora of New Caledonia are named for French citizens (and 94% of them honour men).
Nature Ecology and Evolution | 10 min read
Where I work
Zuofu Xiang is a zoologist at the Central South University of Forestry and Technology in Changsha, China.Credit: Zuofu Xiang
“It took about two years for the monkeys to become comfortable with our presence and come that close to us,” says zoologist Zuofu Xiang, who has been studying the behaviour of four species of snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus spp.) in China since 2002. His research helps the Chinese government to protect these endangered animals. The way the monkeys work together has also taught Xiang the value of cooperation. “I encourage my students to do likewise, supporting one another and forming collaborations.” (Nature | 3 min read) (Zuofu Xiang)
