Sir,
The finding reported by Pang et al (2003) that parental smoking increases the risk of hepatoblastoma (HB) in offspring is interesting, but we would like to suggest an alternative mechanism than that of direct carcinogenesis by tobacco metabolites. Recent reports indicate that the proportions of low and very low birth weight (LBW and VLBW) children among Japanese (Tanimura et al, 1998) and US (Feusner and Plaschkes, 2002) HB cases is greater than the proportions in their respective general populations. Also, survival of LBW and VLBW infants has improved since the 1980s (Avery and First, 1994), and the rate of HB increased significantly over roughly the same time period (at least in the US; Ross and Gurney, 1998). Taken together, these data strongly suggest that LBW and especially VLBW is a risk factor for HB. Meanwhile, cigarette smoking is an established risk factor for LBW (Horta et al, 1997). We would be interested to know if the authors could control for birth weight in their analysis.
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References
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Horta BL, Victora CG, Menezes AM, Halpern R, Barros FC (1997) Low birthweight, preterm births and intrauterine growth retardation in relation to maternal smoking. Paediatr Perinatal Epidemiol 11: 140–151
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Tanimura M, Matsui I, Abe J, Ikeda H, Kobayashi N, Ohira M, Yokoyama M, Kaneko M (1998) Increased risk of hepatoblastoma among immature children with a lower birth weight. Cancer Res 58: 3032–3035
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Spector, L., Ross, J. Smoking and hepatoblastoma: confounding by birth weight?. Br J Cancer 89, 602 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6601143
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6601143
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