In tropical forests, many species of lichen gain a place in the sun by living on the leaves of other plants. It seems they can do so without compromising the photosynthetic capacity of their host.
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Moore, P. Shady deals with lichens. Nature 421, 591–593 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/421591a
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/421591a
