Abstract
THE concentrations of bioavailable iron in the surface waters of some ocean regions may indirectly modulate climate by controlling phytoplankton productivity and thus the amounts of carbon dioxide1 and dimethyl sulphide (DMS) that are exchanged with the atmosphere. Oxidation of DMS is involved in the formation of atmospheric sulphate particles, which can exert a climate cooling effect2 directly (by scattering and absorbing solar radiation), and indirectly (by affecting cloudiness and hence global albedo). But direct evidence supporting the hypothesis that DMS production in the ocean is affected by iron availability is lacking. Here we report changes in the concentrations of DMS in response to in situ iron-enrichment during two ecosystem-scale experiments designed to investigate the biological and chemical effects of iron fertilization of under-productive surface ocean waters3,4. The first such experiment revealed a limited overall biological response3 and no significant changes in DMS concentrations, although the concentrations of its biochemical precursor doubled5. The second experiment, designed to better mimic the natural process of iron enrichment, elicited a much stronger biological response4, and DMS concentrations increased by a factor of 3.5. This result provides direct support for an important link in the iron–DMS–climate hypothesis.
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Turner, S., Nightingale, P., Spokes, L. et al. Increased dimethyl sulphide concentrations in sea water from in situ iron enrichment. Nature 383, 513–517 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1038/383513a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/383513a0
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