lonophores, used in non-invasive vibrating electrodes, can directly monitor steady-state ion flux from single cells, even when the source is non-electrogenic.
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Smith, P. Non-invasive ion probes — tools for measuring transmembrane ion flux. Nature 378, 645–646 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1038/378645a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/378645a0