Force measurements can probe directly the molecular impact of proteins' electrostatic surface properties, specific bond strengths, membrane composition, and membrane fluidity on biological recognition events.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Creighton, T. in Proteins: Structure and Molecular Properties, (W.H. Freeman, New York, 1984).
McCammon, J.A. & Harvey, S.C. Dynamics of proteins and nucleic acids, (Cambridge University Press, New York, 1987).
Tabor, D. & Winterton, R. H. S. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 312, 435–450 (1969).
Israelachvili, J. N. & Adams, G. J. chem. Soc, Faraday Trans. I 74, 975–1001 (1978).
Leckband, D. & Israelachvili, J. Enzyme microb. Technol. 15, 450–459 (1993).
Israelachvili, J. Surf. Sci., 14, 109–160 (1992).
Patel, S. & Tirrell, M. A. Rev. phys. Chem. 40, 597–635 (1989).
Israelachvili, J. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 4722–4724 (1987).
Israelachvili, J. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 44, 259–272 (1973).
Anutech (Australia); Surface Forces Instruments, Inc. (Santa Barbara, California).
Lee, C.-S. & Belfort, G. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 8392–8396 (1989).
Okusa H., Kurihara K. & Kunitake T. Langmuir, 10, 3577–3581 (1994).
Leckband, D., Schmitt, F.-J., Knoll, W. & Israelachvili, J. Biochemistry 33, 4611–4624 (1994).
Leckband, D. et al. Biochemistry (in the press).
Marra, J. Biophys J. 49, 815–821 (1986).
Leckband, D., Müller, W., Schmitt, F.-J. & Ringsdorf, H. Biophys. J. (in the press).
Helm, C. A., Knoll, W. & Israelachvili, J. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88, 8169–8173 (1991).
Hunter, R. J. in Foundations of Colloid Science, vol. 1 (Clarendon Press, Oxford 1989).
McLaughlin, S. A. Rev. Biophys. Biochem. 18, 113–136 (1989).
Timbs, M. M., Poglitch, C. L., Pisarchik, M. L., Sumner, M. T. & Thompson, N. L. Biochim. biophys. Acta 1064, 219–228 (1991).
Balgi, G., Leckband, D. & Nitsche, J. Biophys. J. 68, 2251–2260 (1995).
Moy, V., Florin, E. -L. & Gaub, H. Science 266, 257–259 (1994).
Lauffenburger, D. A. & Linderman, J. in Receptors: models for binding, trafficking, and signalling Oxford University Press, New York (1993).
Helm, C. A. & Israelachvili, J. Biochemistry 31, 1794–1805, 1992).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Leckband, D. The surface force apparatus — a tool for probing molecular protein interactions. Nature 376, 617–618 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1038/376617a0
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/376617a0
This article is cited by
-
Mechanical Signaling on the Single Protein Level Studied Using Steered Molecular Dynamics
Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics (2009)
