Abstract
IN humans, trauma to a peripheral nerve may be followed by chronic pain syndromes which are only relieved by blockade of the effects of sympathetic impulse traffic1–4. It is presumed that, after the lesion, noradrenaline released by activity of sympathetic postganglionic axons excites primary afferent neurons by activating α-adrenoceptors2,5, generating signals that enter the 'pain pathways' of the central nervous system. The site of coupling is unclear. In some patients local anaesthesia of the relevant peripheral nerve6 does not alleviate pain, implying that ectopic impulses arise either within the central nervous system, or in proximal parts of the primary afferent neurons. In experimentally lesioned rats, activity can originate within the dorsal root ganglia7,8. Here we report that, after sciatic nerve ligation, noradrenergic perivascular axons in rats sprout into dorsal root ganglia and form basket-like structures around large-diameter axotomized sensory neurons; sympathetic stimulation can activate such neurons repetitively. These unusual connections provide a possible origin for abnormal discharge following peripheral nerve damage. Further, in contrast to the sprouting of intact nerve terminals into nearby denervated effector tissues in skin9,10, muscle11, sympathetic ganglia12 and sweat glands13, the axons sprout into a target which has not been partially denervated.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bonica, J. J. in The Management of Pain (ed. Bonica, J. J.) 220–243 (Lea and Febinger, Philadelphia, 1990).
Jänig, W. in Pain and the Sympathetic Nervous System (ed. Stanton-Hicks, M.) 17–89 (Kluwer, Boston, 1990).
Jänig, W. & Schmidt, R. F. (eds) Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy. Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Clinical Implications (VCH, Weinheim and New York, 1992).
Willis, W. D. (ed.) Hyperalgesia and Allodynia (Raven, New York, 1992).
Jänig, W. & Koltzenburg, M. in Towards a New Pharmacotherapy of Pain (eds Basbaum, A. I. & Besson, J. M.) 331–352 (1991).
Sunderland, S. Nerves and Nerve Injuries (Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1978).
Wall, P. D. & Devor, M. Pain 17, 321–339 (1983).
Devor, M. & Wall, P. D. J. Neurophysiol. 64, 1733–1746 (1990).
Devor, M., Schonfeld, D., Seltzer, Z. & Wall, P. D. J. comp. Neurol. 185, 211–220 (1979).
Diamond, J., Holmes, M. & Coughlin, M. J. Neurosci. 12, 1454–1466 (1992).
Brown, M. C., Holland, R. L. & Hopkins, W. G. A. Rev. Neurosci. 4, 17–42 (1981).
Maehlen, J. & Nja, A. J. Physiol., Lond. 319, 555–567 (1981).
Kennedy, W. R. & Sakuta, M. Ann. Neurol. 15, 73–78 (1984).
Kummer, W., Gibbins, I. L., Stefan, P. & Kapoor, V. Cell Tissue Res. 261, 595–606 (1990).
Small, J. R., Scadding, J. W. & Landon, D. N. J. neurol. Sci. 100, 98–107 (1990).
Jobling, P., McLachlan, E. M., Jänig, W. & Anderson, C. R. J. Physiol., Lond. 454, 107–128 (1992).
Goldstein, R. S., Raber, P., Govrin-Llppmann, R. & Devor, M. Neurosci. Lett. 94, 58–63 (1988).
Jänig, W. & McLachlan, E. M. J. comp. Neurol. 225, 302–311 (1984).
Crutcher, K. A. Brain Res. Bull. 9, 501–508 (1982).
Kolston, J., Lisney, S. J. W., Mulholland, M. N. C. & Passant, C. D. Neurosci. Lett. 130, 187–189 (1991).
Rotshenker, S. Trends Neurosci. 11, 363–366 (1988).
Akasu, T., Gallagher, J. P., Nakamura, T., Shinnlck-Gallagher, P. & Yoshimura, M. J. Physiol., Lond. 361, 165–184 (1985).
Fukuda, A., Minami, T., Nabekura, J. & Oomura, Y. J. Physiol., Lond. 393, 213–231 (1987).
Yoshimura, M., Polosa, C. & Nishi, S. Brain Res. 414, 138–142 (1987).
Woolf, C. J., Shortland, P. & Coggeshall, R. E. Nature 355, 75–78 (1992).
Shir, Y. & Seltzer, Z. Pain 45, 309–320 (1991).
de la Torre, J. C. J. Neurosci. Meth. 3, 1–5 (1980).
Wakisaka, S., Kajander, K. C. & Bennett, G. J. Neurosci. Lett 124, 200–203 (1991).
Morris, J. L. & Gibbins, I. L. Int. J. dev. Neurosci. 7, 521–531 (1989).
Schmalbruch, H. Anat. Rec. 219, 323–329 (1987).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
McLachlan, E., Jänig, W., Devor, M. et al. Peripheral nerve injury triggers noradrenergic sprouting within dorsal root ganglia. Nature 363, 543–546 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1038/363543a0
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/363543a0
This article is cited by
-
Mirror-Image Pain Update: Complex Interactions Between Central and Peripheral Mechanisms
Molecular Neurobiology (2024)
-
Neuropathic Pain and Spinal Cord Injury: Management, Phenotypes, and Biomarkers
Drugs (2023)
-
Electroacupuncture at PC6 (Neiguan) Attenuates Angina Pectoris in Rats with Myocardial Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury Through Regulating the Alternative Splicing of the Major Inhibitory Neurotransmitter Receptor GABRG2
Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research (2022)
-
Referred Somatic Hyperalgesia Mediates Cardiac Regulation by the Activation of Sympathetic Nerves in a Rat Model of Myocardial Ischemia
Neuroscience Bulletin (2022)
-
Pharmaceutical perspective of neuropathic pain management for primary care providers
Inflammopharmacology (2022)
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.