Abstract
The origin of short-period comets, usually believed to arise by planetary perturbations acting on nearly parabolic orbits, has been unclear for many years1. Given the observed near-parabolic flux, the predicted number of such comets is too small by a factor of ∼100 (refs 2–15). It has been suggested, therefore, that the adopted near-parabolic flux is in error16, that a physical effect such as fragmentation3,17,18 could operate, or that short-period comets do not come from the outer Oort cloud at all9,10,13,19. It has been proposed13–15,20,21 that the problem could be resolved by postulating a comet belt or massive inner core to the Oort Cloud. Here I recalculate the flux of nearly parabolic orbits from the Oort Cloud, including the recently discovered dominant injection of comets by the galactic tide22–25. The observed number of short-period comets is consistent with the Oort Cloud having a massive inner core26.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bailey, M. E., Clube, S. V. M. & Napier, W. M. Vistas in Astr. 29, 53–112 (1986).
Proctor, R. A. Knowledge 6, 126–128 (1884).
Bredichin, T. Ann. de l'Obs. de Moscou (Ser. 2) 2, 1–17 (1889).
Russell, H. N. Astr. J. 33, 49–61 (1920).
Proctor, M. & Crommelin, A. C. D. Comets (Technical Press, London, 1937).
Everhart, E. Astr. J. 74, 735–750 (1969).
Havnes, O. Icarus 12, 331–337 (1970).
Everhart, E. Astrophys. Lett. 10, 131–135 (1972).
Vaghi, S. Astr. Astrophys. 24, 107–110 (1973).
Joss, P. C. Astr. Astrophys. 25, 271–273 (1973).
Kazimirchak-Polonskaya, E. I. IAU Symp. 45, 373–397 (1972).
Everhart, E. IAU Colloq. 39, 99–104 (1977).
Fernández, J. A. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc. 192, 481–491 (1980).
Fernández, J. A. & Ip, W.-H. Asteroids, Comets, Meteors (eds Lagerkvist, C.-I. & Rickman, H.) 387–390 (Uppsala Observatory, Uppsala, 1983).
Fernández, J. A. & Ip, W.-H. Icarus 54, 377–387 (1983).
Hughes, D. W. IAU Colloq. 83, 129–142 (1985).
Clube, S. V. M. & Napier, W. M. Quart. Jl R. astr. Soc. 23, 45–66 (1982).
Napier, W. M. Asteroids, Comets, Meteors (eds Lagerkvist, C.-I. & Rickman, H.) 391–395 (Uppsala Observatory, Uppsala, 1983).
Delsemme, A. H. Astr. Astrophys. 29, 377–381 (1973).
Mendis, D. A. Astrophys. Sp. Sci. 20, 165–176 (1973).
Bailey, M. E. Asteroids, Comets, Meteors (eds Lagerkvist, C.-I. & Rickman, H.) 383–386 (Uppsala Observatory, Uppsala, 1983).
Torbett, M. V. The Galaxy and the Solar System (eds Matthews, M., Smoluchowski, R. & Bahcall, J. N. ) (University of Arizona Press, Tucson, in the press).
Torbett, M. V. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc. (in the press).
Heisler, J. & Tremaine, S. D. Icarus 65, 13–26 (1986).
Morris, D. E. & Muller, R. A. Icarus 65, 1–12 (1986).
Bailey, M. E. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc. 204, 603–633 (1983).
Oort, J. H. Bull. Astr. Inst. Neth. 11, 91–110 (1950).
Bailey, M. E. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc. 211, 347–368 (1984).
Bailey, M. E. Asteroids, Comets, Meteors II (eds Lagerkvist, C.-I., Lindblad, B. A., Lundstedt, H. & Rickman, H.) 207–210 (Uppsala University, Uppsala, 1986).
Bailey, M. E. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc. 218, 1–30 (1986).
Fernández, J. A. & Ip, W.-H. Preprint.
Wielen, R. Astr. Astrophys. 25, 285–297 (1973).
Bahcall, J. N. & Bahcall, S. Nature 316, 706–709 (1985).
Heisler, J., Tremaine, S. D. & Alcock, C. Preprint.
Hills, J. G. Astr. J. 86, 1730–1740 (1981).
Fernández, J. A. Astr. J. 87, 1318–1332 (1982).
Bailey, M. E. Nature 302, 399–400 (1983).
Rowan-Robinson, M. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc. 219, 737–749 (1986).
Bailey, M. E. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc. 205, 42P–25P (1983).
Bailey, M. E., McBreen, B. & Ray, T. P. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc. 209, 881–890 (1984); Corrigendum: 211 255.
Rickman, H. & Vaghi, S. Astr. Astrophys. 51, 327–342 (1976).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bailey, M. The near-parabolic flux and the origin of short-period comets. Nature 324, 350–352 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1038/324350a0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/324350a0
This article is cited by
-
Origin of short period comets
Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy (1992)
-
Periodicity in the crater formation rate and implications for astronomical modeling
Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy (1992)
-
Infrared brightness of a comet belt beyond Neptune
Earth, Moon and Planets (1988)
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.