Abstract
Immunocompetence is first evident at the invertebrate level in coelenterates. Primordial cell-mediated immunity revealed by specific allograft reactions with at least short term memory is demonstrable in advanced invertebrates, whereas integrated cell-mediated and humoral immunity evolved progressively with the vertebrates.
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Hildemann, W. Some new concepts in immunological phylogeny. Nature 250, 116–120 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1038/250116a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/250116a0
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