Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Article
  • Published:

Machines and the Theory of Intelligence

Nature volume 241, pages 507–512 (1973)Cite this article

Abstract

This article is based on a series of special lectures delivered at University College, London, in November 1972.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

  • Purchase on Springer Link
  • Instant access to full article PDF
Buy now

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Lighthill, M. J., Artificial Intelligence: a general survey (to be published by the Science Research Council, London).

  2. Turing, A. M., in Machine Intelligence 5 (edit. by Meltzer, B., and Michie, D.), 3 (Edinburgh University Press, 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Maynard Smith, J., Evolution, 6, 127 (1952), reprinted in On Evolution (edit. by Maynard Smith, J.), 29 (Edinburgh University Press, 1972).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Shannon, C. E., Phil. Mag., 41, 356 (1950).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Turing, A. M., in Faster than Thought (edit. by Bowden, B. V.), 288 (Pitman, London, 1953).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Newell, A., Shaw, J. C., and Simon, H. A., IBM J. Res. Dev., 2, 320 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Samuel, A. L., IBM J. Res. Dev., 3, 210 (1959).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Michie, D., Ross, R., and Shannan, G. J., in Machine Intelligence 7 (edit. by Meltzer, B., and Michie, D.), 141 (Edinburgh University Press, 1972).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Doran, J. E., and Michie, D., Proc. Roy. Soc., A, 294, 235 (1966).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hart, P., Nilsson, N. J., and Raphael, B., IEEE Trans. on Sys. Sci. and Cybernetics, SSC-4, 100 (1968).

  11. Michie, D., and Ross, R., in Machine Intelligence 5 (edit. by Meltzer, B., and Michie, D.), 301 (Edinburgh University Press, 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Pohl, I., Artificial Intelligence, 1, 193 (1970).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Michie, D., in Artificial Intelligence and Heuristic Programming (edit. by Findler, N. V., and Meltzer, B.), 101 (Edinburgh University Press, 1971).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Fikes, R. E., Hart, P. E., and Nilsson, N. J., Artificial Intelligence, 3, 251 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Fikes, R. E., and Nilsson, N. J., Artificial Intelligence, 2, 189 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Winston, P. H., thesis, MIT (1970), reprinted as MAC-TR-76 (MIT, Project MAC, 1970).

  17. Bobrow, D. G., thesis, MIT (1964), reprinted in Semantic Information Processing (edit. by Minsky, M.) (The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1968).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Woods, W. A., Kaplan, R. M., and Nash-Webber, B., BBN Report No. 2378 (Bolt, Beranek, and Newman, Cambridge, Mass. 1972).

  19. Winograd, T., thesis, MIT (1970), reprinted in revised form as MAC-TR-84 (MIT, Project MAC, 1971); also available as Understanding Natural Language (Edinburgh University Press, 1972).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Feibenbaum, E. A., Buchanan, B. G., and Lederberg, J., in Machine Intelligence 6 (edit. by Meltzer, B., and Michie, D.), 165 (Edinburgh University Press, 1971).

    Google Scholar 

  21. McCarthy, J., and Hayes, P. J., in Machine Intelligence 4 (edit. by Meltzer, B., and Michie, D.), 463 (Edinburgh University Press, 1969).

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Ryle, G., The Concept of Mind (Hutchinson, London, 1949).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Green, C. C., Proc. Intern. Joint. Conf. Art. Intell. (edit. by Walker, D. E., and Norton, L. M.), 219 (Washington DC, 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Raphael, B., in Artificial Intelligence and Heuristic Programming (edit. by Findler, N. V., and Meltzer, B.), 159 (Edinburgh University Press, 1971).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Hayes, P. J., in Machine Intelligence 6 (edit. by Meltzer, B., and Michie, D.), 495 (Edinburgh University Press, 1971).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Burstall, R. M., Collins, J. S., and Popplestone, R. J., Programming in POP-2 (Edinburgh University Press, 1971).

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  27. Michie, D., Nature, 228, 717 (1970).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Hewitt, C., thesis, MIT (1971), reprinted as Art. Intell. Mem. 258 (MIT, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 1972).

  29. Rulifson, J. F., Waldinger, R. J., and Derksen, J. A., Technical Note 48 (Stanford Research Institute, Artificial Intelligence Group, 1970).

    Google Scholar 

  30. McDermott, D. V., and Sussman, G. J., Art. Intell. Mem. 259 (MIT, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 1972).

  31. Fikes, R. E., Hart, P. E., and Nilsson, N. J., in Machine Intelligence (edit. by Meltzer, B., and Michie, D.), 405 (Edinburgh University Press, 1972).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Shirai, Y., and Suwa, M., Proc. Second Intern. Joint Conf. Art. Intell., 80 (British Computer Society, London, 1971).

  33. Will, P. M., and Pennington, K. S., Artificial Intelligence, 2, 319 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Ejiri, M., Unon, T., Yoda, H., Goto, T., and Takeyasu, K., in Proc. Second Intern. Joint Conf. on Art. Intell., 350 (British Computer Society, London, 1971).

  35. Tan, S. T., Research Memorandum MIP-R-98 (University of Edinburgh, School of Artificial Intelligence, 1972).

    Google Scholar 

  36. Huffman, D. A. in Machine Intelligence 6 (edit. by Meltzer, B., and Michie, D.), 295 (Edinburgh University Press, 1971).

    Google Scholar 

  37. McCarthy, J., Memo No. 16 (Stanford University, Stanford Artificial Intelligence Project, 1964).

  38. Craik, K. J. W., The Nature of Explanation (Cambridge University Press, 1952).

    Google Scholar 

  39. Choate, R., and Jaffe, L. D., in Proc. First National Conference on Remotely Manned Systems (RMS) (forthcoming).

  40. Plotkin, G., in Machine Intelligence 5 (edit. by Meltzer, B., and Michie, D.), 153 (Edinburgh University Press, 1969); also in Machine Intelligence 6 (edit. by Meltzer, B., and Michie, D.), 101 (Edinburgh University Press, 1971).

    Google Scholar 

  41. Papert, S., Art. Intell. Mem. 247 (MIT, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 1971).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Winston, P. H., in Machine Intelligence 7 (edit. by Meltzer, B., and Michie, D.), 431 (Edinburgh University Press, 1972).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Machine Intelligence, University of Edinburgh,

    DONALD MICHIE

Authors
  1. DONALD MICHIE
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

MICHIE, D. Machines and the Theory of Intelligence. Nature 241, 507–512 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1038/241507a0

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/241507a0

Comments

By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.

Search

Advanced search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing