Abstract
A THIN black film is expected to have a reduced film tension compared with a fairly thick film in which the core has bulk phase properties1,2. Because of its reduced tension, a thin black film forms a contact angle with a bulk phase surface, and several optical methods for accurately measuring this contact angle have been reported3–6. Recently, a more direct method based on the bubble pressure technique has been used to measure the tensions of black hydrocarbon films in aqueous solution7.
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CLINT, J., CLUNIE, J., GOODMAN, J. et al. Direct Measurement of the Tensions of Liquid Films in Air. Nature 223, 291–293 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1038/223291a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/223291a0
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