Abstract
The relationship between structure and function of proteins makes it unlikely that a new enzyme activity can evolve unless the genome contains extra DNA with suitable coding properties such as is provided by the duplication of a gene for a functionally related enzyme. Evidence from the Annelida suggests that their diverse phosphagen kinases evolved in this way.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Huxley, J., Evolution: The Modern Synthesis, 124 (Allen and Unwin, London, 1942).
Koshland, jun., D. E., Adv. Enzymol., 22, 45 (1960).
Sanger, F., Proc. Chem. Soc., 76 (1963).
Watts, D. C., in Studies in Comparative Biochemistry (edit. by Munday. K. A.), 159 (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1965).
Hooton, B. T., and Watts, D. C., Biochem. J., 100, 637 (1966).
Thoai, N. V., Kassab, R., and Pradel, L. A., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 73, 574 (1963).
Yanofsky, C., in Cytodifferentiation and Macromolecular Synthesis (edit. by Locke, M.), 15 (Academic Press, New York and London, 1963).
Garen, A., Levinthal, C., and Rothman, F., J. Chim. Phys., 58, 1068 (1961).
Perutz, M. F., Kendrew, J. C., and Watson, H. C., J. Mol. Biol., 13, 669 (1965).
Zuckerkandl, E., and Pauling, L., in Evolving Genes and Proteins (edit. by Bryson, V., and Vogel, H. J.), 97 (Academic Press, New York and London, 1965).
Anfinsen, C. B., The Molecular Basis of Evolution (John Wiley, New York, 1959).
Benzer, S., Proc. US Nat. Acad. Sci., 47, 403 (1961).
Freese, E., and Yoshida, A., in Evolving Genes and Proteins (edit. by Bryson, V., and Vogel, H. J.), 341 (Academic Press, New York and London, 1965).
Stebbins, G. L., Variation and Evolution in Plants (Columbia University Press, New York, 1950).
Muldal, S., Heredity, 6, 55 (1952).
Smith, R. I., Systemat. Zool., 7, 60 (1958).
Ohno, S., and Atkin, N. B., Chromosoma, 18, 455 (1966).
Huxley, J., Evolution: The Modern Synthesis, 89 (Allen and Unwin, London, 1942).
Sturtevant, A. H., Genetics, 10, 117 (1925).
Bridges, C. B., J. Hered., 26, 60 (1935).
Bridges, C. B., Science, 83, 210 (1936).
Roberts, P. A., Genetics, 54, 969 (1966).
Lewis, E. B., Proc. US Nat. Acad. Sci., 27, 31 (1941).
Bender, H. A., Genetics, 55, 249 (1967).
Roberts, P. A., Genetics, 52, 1017 (1965).
Watts, R. L., and Watts, D. C., J. Theoret. Biol. (in the press).
Ingram, V. M., Nature, 189, 704 (1961).
Smithies, O., Connell, G. E., and Dixon, G. H., Nature, 196, 232 (1962).
Rutter, W. J., Fed. Proc., 23, 1248 (1964).
Thoai, N. V., and Roche, J., in Taxonomic Biochemistry and Serology (edit. by Leone, C. A.), 347 (Ronald Press Co., New York, 1964).
Lerman, L. S., Proc. US Nat. Acad. Sci., 49, 94 (1963).
Hartley, B. S., Brown, J. R., Kauffman, D. L., and Smillie, L. B., Nature, 207, 1157 (1965).
Smith, E. L., Markland, F. S., Kaspar, C. B., Delange, R. J., Landon, M., and Evans, W. H., J. Biol. Chem., 241, 5974 (1966).
Wagner, R. P., and Mitchell, H. K., Genetics and Metabolism, 355 (John Wiley, New York, 1964).
Horowitz, N. H., in Evolving Genes and Proteins (edit. by Bryson, V., and Vogel, H. J.), 15 (Academic Press, New York and London, 1965).
Comings, D. E., Nature, 212, 545 (1966).
Virden, R., and Watts, D. C., Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 13, 161 (1964).
Thoai, N. V., Bull. Soc. Chim. Biol., 39, 197 (1957).
Thoai, N. V., Robin, Y., and Pradel, L., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 73, 437 (1963).
Gaffney, T. J., Rosenberg, H., and Ennor, A. H., Biochem. J., 90, 170 (1964).
Moreland, B., Watts, D. C., and Virden, R., Nature, 214, 458 (1967).
Griffiths, D. E., Morrison, J. F., and Ennor, A. H., Biochem. J., 65, 612 (1957).
Thoai, N. V., in Collogue sur L'Evolution Biochimigue, Paris, 1967 (in the press).
Hobson, G. E., and Rees, K. R., Biochem. J., 65, 305 (1957).
Thoai, N. V., Thiem, N. V., Lacombe, G., and Roche, J., Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 122, 547 (1966).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
WATTS, R., WATTS, D. Gene Duplication and the Evolution of Enzymes. Nature 217, 1125–1130 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1038/2171125a0
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/2171125a0
This article is cited by
-
Correlation of isozyme profiles with genomic sequences of Phytophthora ramorum and its P. sojae orthologues
Current Genetics (2007)
-
Evolution of five multilocus isozyme systems in the chordates
Genetica (1980)
-
Evolution of isozyme loci and their differential tissue expression
Journal of Molecular Evolution (1978)
-
Phosphoglucose isomerase gene duplication in the bony fishes: An evolutionary history
Biochemical Genetics (1973)
-
Population biology of Avena
Theoretical and Applied Genetics (1971)
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.