This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Chadwick discovered that the beta spectrum was continuous. L. Meitner suggested in 1922 that a quantized nucleus should not be expected to emit a continuous spectrum, and Ellis found non-conservation of energy from experiments on the emitted electron. Chadwick, J., Verh. Deutsch. Phys. Ges., 16, 383 (1914). Ellis, C. D., Internat. Conf. on Phys., 15, 209 (1934).
Ellis and Wooster, Proc. Roy. Soc., A, 117, 109 (1927). Chadwick, J., and Lea, D. E., Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc., 30, 59 (1934); Nahmias, M. E., Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc., 31, 99 (1935). Wu, C. S., Phys. Rev., 59, 481 (1941).
Pauli, W., in “Rapports du Septième Conseil de Physique Solvay”, Brussels, 1933 (Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1934).
Fermi, E., Z. Phys., 88, 161 (1934).
We do not attempt here to describe the many beautiful and difficult, recoil experiments in which recoils of neutrino-emitting nuclei (∼ 8–200 eV.) have been measured. A summary can be found in an article by O. Kofoed-Hansen in Siegbahn's “Beta and Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy” (Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, 1955).
Langer, L. M., and Moffat, R. J. D., Phys. Rev., 88, 689 (1952). Hamilton Alford and Gross, Phys. Rev., 92, 1521 (1953). This question is treated in detail in an article by C. S. Wu in Siegbahn (op. cit.). We quote Dr. Wu's most conservatively estimated limit.
Houtermans, F. G., and Thirring, W., Helv. Phys. Acta, 27, 81 (1954). H. A. Bethe has given the relationship between the recoil electron spectrum and the energy and magnetic moment of a neutrino in Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc., 31, 108 (1935).
Crane, H. R., Revs. Mod. Phys., 20, 278 (1948). This article also summarizes neutrino detection attempts to 1948. The status of the neutrino in 1936 is given by H. A. Bethe and R. F. Bacher, Revs. Mod. Phys., 8, 82 (1936).
Snell, A. H., and Miller, L. C., Phys. Rev., 74, 1714 A (1948). Snell, A. H., Pleasanton, F., and McCord, R. V., Phys. Rev., 78, 310 (1950). Robson, J. M., Phys. Rev., 78, 311 (1950); 83, 349 (1951).
Goeppert-Mayer, M., Phys. Rev., 48, 512 (1935).
Furry, W. H., Phys. Rev., 56, 1184 (1939).
Majorana, E., Nuovo Cimento, 14, 171 (1937).
Primakoff, H., Phys. Rev., 85, 888 (1952).
Konopinski, E. J., Los Alamos Report LAMS 1949 (1955).
Kalkstein, M. I., and Libby, W. F., Phys. Rev., 85, 368 (1952). Fireman, E. L., and Schwartzer, D., Phys. Rev., 86, 451 (1952). Awschalom, M., Phys. Rev., 101, 1041 (1956). Cowan, jun., C. L., Harrison, F. B., Langer, L. M., and Reines, F., Nuovo Cimento, 3, 649 (1956).
Davis, jun., R., Contributed Paper, American Physical Society, Washington, D. C., Meeting, 1956. This experiment was originally suggested by Pontecorvo and considered by Alvarez in a report UCRL-328 (1949).
Reines, F., and Cowan, jun., C. L., Phys. Rev., 90, 492 (1953); 92, 830 (1953).
Cowan, jun., C. L., and Reines, F., Invited Paper, American Physical Society, New York Meeting, January 1954.
Cowan, jun., C. L., and Reines, F., Postdeadline Paper, American Physical Society, New Haven Meeting, June 1956. Cowan, Reines, Harrison, Kruse and McGuire, Science, 124, 103 (1956).
The neutrino spectrum was deduced from the spectrum of beta-radiation from fission fragments as measured by C. O. Muehlhause at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. Dr. Muehlhause kindly communicated his results to us in advance of publication.
The evidence for and against the existence of a ‘bineutron’, also called ‘dineutron’, is discussed by B. T. Feld in his article on the neutron in the volume edited by E. Segrè entitled “Experimental Nuclear Physics”, 2 (John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1953).
Oneda, S., and Wakasa, A., discuss the question of classes of interactions between the elementary particles in Nuclear Phys., 1, 445 (1956).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
REINES, F., COWANjun., C. The Neutrino. Nature 178, 446–449 (1956). https://doi.org/10.1038/178446a0
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/178446a0
This article is cited by
-
Newsworthy neutrinos
Nature Physics (2022)
-
Neutrinos could shed light on why the Universe has so much more matter than antimatter
Nature (2020)
-
Intriguing minerals: lorandite, TlAsS2, a geochemical detector of solar neutrinos
ChemTexts (2019)
-
High-energy neutrino astrophysics
Nature Physics (2017)
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.