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Development of donor cell derived acute myeloid leukemia after stem cell transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia

Bone Marrow Transplantation volume 37, pages 801–802 (2006)Cite this article

Relapse of the underlying disease is the most frequent cause of treatment failure after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT).1 However, at least 34 cases of leukemia or myelodysplasia originating in donor cells have been described2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 with an estimated incidence of 124 per 100 000 transplants.4

A 45-year old man underwent a marrow allograft from his HLA-identical brother in March 2001 for CML in the chronic phase; 15 months after diagnosis. The conditioning regimen was oral busulfan 16 mg/kg and cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg. The cell dose was 3.59 × 108 nucleated bone marrow cells, and methotrexate and cyclosporine were administered for GVHD prophylaxis. Engraftment was prompt. Mild acute GVHD was seen. Cytogenetic studies and RT-PCR were negative for residual/recurrent disease on days 100, 180, 365, 540, 730, 915 and 1279 after SCT. On day 1279, peripheral blood was normal, bone marrow showed 2% blasts, and VNTR analysis of chimerism showed full donor-type chimerism.

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  1. Department of Clinical Medicine, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unity, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

    F Pieroni, F M Oliveira, R A Panepucci, J C Voltarelli, B P Simões & R P Falcão

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  1. F Pieroni
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  2. F M Oliveira
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  3. R A Panepucci
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Pieroni, F., Oliveira, F., Panepucci, R. et al. Development of donor cell derived acute myeloid leukemia after stem cell transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 37, 801–802 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bmt.1705332

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