Abstract
Some people can quite accurately time the end of their night's sleep at will, without using an alarm clock1, demonstrating that it is possible to voluntarily control a state of consciousness that is characterized by a loss of volition and attentional guidance2. Here we show that the expectation that sleep will come to an end at a certain time induces a marked increase in the concentration of the hormone adrenocorticotropin in the blood one hour before waking. The regulation of adrenocorticotropin release during nocturnal sleep is therefore not confined to daily rhythms; it also reflects a preparatory process in anticipation of the end of sleep.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Relevant articles
Open Access articles citing this article.
-
Effects of using a snooze alarm on sleep inertia after morning awakening
Journal of Physiological Anthropology Open Access 31 December 2022
-
Time-lag of urinary and salivary cortisol response after a psychological stressor in bonobos (Pan paniscus)
Scientific Reports Open Access 12 April 2021
-
Assessing the daily stability of the cortisol awakening response in a controlled environment
BMC Psychology Open Access 28 January 2016
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Rent or buy this article
Get just this article for as long as you need it
$39.95
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

References
Moorcroft, W. H., Hennager Kayser, K. & Griggs, A. J. Sleep 20, 40– 45 (1997).
Hobson, J. A. & Stickgold, R. in The Cognitive Neurosciences (ed. Gazzaniga, M.) 1373-1389 (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1995).
Van Cauter, E. & Turek, F. W. in Endocrinology Vol. 3 (ed. DeGroot, L. J.) 2487-2548 (Saunders, Philadelphia, 1995).
Czeisler, C. A., Weitzman, E. D., Moore-Ede, M. C., Zimmerman, J. C. & Knauer, R. Science 210, 1264–1267 (1980).
Späth-Schwalbe, E., Schöller, T., Kern, W., Fehm, H. L. & Born, J. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 75, 1431–1435 (1992).
Mason, J. W.et al. Psychosom. Med. 35, 406–414 (1973).
Deinzer, R., Kirschbaum, C., Gresele, C. & Hellhammer, H. Physiol. Behav. 61, 507–511 (1997).
Ehrhart-Bornstein, M., Hinson, J. P., Bornstein, S. R., Scherbaum, W. A. & Vinson, G. P. Endocr. Rev. 19, 101–143 ( 1998).
Lavie, P., Oksenberg, A. & Zomer, J. Percept. Motor Skills 49, 447 –450 (1979).
Follenius, M., Brandenberger, G. & Muzet, A. Horm. Metab. Res. 17, 602– 606 (1985).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Born, J., Hansen, K., Marshall, L. et al. Timing the end of nocturnal sleep. Nature 397, 29–30 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1038/16166
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/16166
This article is cited by
-
Effects of using a snooze alarm on sleep inertia after morning awakening
Journal of Physiological Anthropology (2022)
-
Time-lag of urinary and salivary cortisol response after a psychological stressor in bonobos (Pan paniscus)
Scientific Reports (2021)
-
Intra-Night Sleep Perception in Patients with Sleep Disorders
Sleep and Vigilance (2017)
-
Rhythms in the endocrine system of fish: a review
Journal of Comparative Physiology B (2017)
-
Assessing the daily stability of the cortisol awakening response in a controlled environment
BMC Psychology (2016)
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.