Abstract
WAKSMAN1 has recently demonstrated, by cultural methods, the important role of fungi and actinomycetes in the breakdown of plant tissues in composts and dunghills. The details of the process, however, were not directly observed. I have previously2,3 described methods, involving the use of polarized light, for the direct microscopical observation of the cytoclastic process in the cæcum and rumen of herbivora. These methods have since been applied to the study of the decomposition of vegetable materials in animal fæces, composts and dunghills. The role of Fungi and Actinomycetes in the breakdown of cellulose thereby immediately became conspicuous. Disintegration of the cell-wall constituents was directly evidenced by loss of double-refraction and by disappearance of microchemical reaction in the affected structures.
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References
Waksman, S. A., Umbreit, W. W., and Cordon, T. C., "Thermophilic Actinomycetes and Fungi in Soils and Composts", Soil Science, 47, 37 (1939).
Baker, F., and Martin, R., "Disintegration of Cell-Wall Substances in the Gastro-Intestinal Tract of Herbivora" (with references to previous publications, 1931–1937), NATURE, 141, 877 (1938).
Baker, F., and Martin, R., "Studies in the Microbiology of the Caecum of the Horse", Z. Bakt., Abt. II, 99 (1939).
Bailey, I. W., and Vestal, M. R., "The Significance of Certain Wood-destroying Fungi in the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose", J. Arnold Arboretum, 18, 198 (1937).
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BAKER, F. Role of Fungi and Actinomycetes in the Decomposition of Cellulose. Nature 143, 522–523 (1939). https://doi.org/10.1038/143522b0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/143522b0
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