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Regulation of TRAIL-induced apoptosis by XIAP in pancreatic carcinoma cells

Abstract

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising candidate for cancer therapy because of its relative tumor selectivity. However, many cancers including pancreatic cancer remain resistant towards TRAIL. To develop TRAIL for cancer therapy of pancreatic carcinoma, it will therefore be pivotal to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of TRAIL resistance. Here, we identify X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) as a regulator of TRAIL sensitivity in pancreatic carcinoma cells. Full activation of effector caspases, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release following TRAIL treatment were markedly impaired in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines, which poorly responded to TRAIL (PaTuII, PancTu1, ASPC1, DanG), compared to TRAIL-sensitive Colo357 pancreatic carcinoma cells. Stable downregulation of XIAP by RNA interference significantly reduced survival and enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis in pancreatic carcinoma cells. Also, downregulation of XIAP significantly increased CD95-induced cell death. Importantly, knockdown of XIAP strongly inhibited clonogenicity of pancreatic cancer cells treated with TRAIL indicating that XIAP promotes clonogenic survival of pancreatic carcinoma cells. Thus, our findings for the first time indicate that targeting XIAP represents a promising strategy to enhance the antitumor activity of TRAIL in pancreatic cancer, which has important clinical implications.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr Agami (The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands) for providing pRETRO-SUPER vector, RM Schmid (Technical University of Munich, Germany) and U Knippschild (University of Ulm, Germany) for providing pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. This work has been partially supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, the Deutsche Krebshilfe and Else-Kröner-Stiftung (to SF and KMD).

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Correspondence to S Fulda.

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Supplementary Information accompanies the paper on the Oncogene website (http://www.nature.com/onc).

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Vogler, M., Dürr, K., Jovanovic, M. et al. Regulation of TRAIL-induced apoptosis by XIAP in pancreatic carcinoma cells. Oncogene 26, 248–257 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209776

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