Abstract
THE Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute has recently issued, as publication No. 102, “The Climate of the Netherlands with Respect to Air Temperature,” by Dr. Ch. M. A. Hartman. Many years have elapsed since any previous discussion of air temperature in the Netherlands was undertaken. The stations yielding observations only for recent years have been compared with the stations available for longer periods, by which, together with the aid of stations affording hourly observations, special corrections have been found for each month and for each station required to secure the true temperature from observations at the hours of 8, 2, and 7. At Zwanenburg, situated midway between Amsterdam and Haarlejn, there is a series of observations from 1743 to 1860, and at De Bilt observations are available from 1849 to 1917. The annual variation is given for twenty-four years from 1894 to 1917 inclusive at twelve stations; the range of temperature varies with latitude and with an increased distance from the sea. Diurnal variation is much affected by the influence of the sea, which suggests the difficulty of obtaining a true mean temperature from a combination of, say, three hours, 8, 2, and 7, and of maintaining the same hours in winter and in summer, but a change of hours is recognised as not practicable. The highest temperatures observed are 99° F. and 97° F. at Maestricht respectively on August 4, 1857, and July 28, 1011, and 970 F. at Oudenbosch on June 8, 1915. The lowest readings are -8° F. at Winterswijk on February 7, 1895, and at Katwijk-on-Rhine on February 14, 1895. Frequency of different temperatures is given for several stations and for all months, and the occurrences of diurnal variations of temperature for each degree Centigrade are tabulated, also the diurnal range for each of the twenty-four hours. One of the many tables shows the temperatures which occur each month, with the different directions of the wind.
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Climate of the Netherlands. Nature 105, 600 (1920). https://doi.org/10.1038/105600b0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/105600b0