Certain air sacs have evolved in multiple lineages of soaring birds, and it emerges that these probably function to reduce the force required from the major flight muscles as they hold the wings in place during gliding and soaring.

The enzyme angiogenin functions in stress responses and aids the formation of blood vessels. It emerges that the ribosome takes a break from its usual role of making proteins to activate angiogenin and position it to cleave transfer RNA.

A strategy for training a robotic exoskeleton through simulation takes the user out of the equation — saving users of wearable devices time and energy, and smoothing the transition between different types of movement.

A newly characterized neural circuit enables the brain to sense and monitor inflammatory responses in the body, and in turn shape the course of the immune reaction. Artificial activation of components of this body–brain circuit in mouse models of inflammation and immune disorders prevented uncontrolled and dysregulated inflammatory reactions.