Quantum information in superconducting processors is stored as low-energy microwave photons, but transmitting this information over long distances to build a quantum network requires conversion of low-energy photons to high-energy optical photons. Laser-cooled rubidium atoms now enable conversion between photons with vastly different energies.

Since 2008, population densities of shallow-reef fishes, invertebrates and seaweeds around Australia have generally decreased near the northern limits of species’ ranges, and increased near their southern limits. Endemic invertebrates and seaweeds that prefer cold waters showed the steepest declines, and are prevented by deep-ocean barriers from moving south as temperatures rise.

Sleep in the bearded dragon Pogona vitticeps comprises two alternating stages. During one of the stages, the activities of a structure called the claustrum in the left and right hemispheres of the brain are precisely coordinated but show competitive dynamics that depend on circuits in the midbrain typically associated with vision and attention.

Collecting training data by focusing on dangerous scenarios offers an efficient way for artificial intelligence to improve the safety of autonomous vehicles. Augmented reality allows the approach to be tested without risking lives.