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| Open AccessUnderstanding X-ray absorption in liquid water using triple excitations in multilevel coupled cluster theory
Accurate modeling of X-ray absorption (XA) is necessary to interpret experimental spectra. Here, the authors use coupled cluster models and path-integral ab initio molecular dynamics to provide insights into the XA spectrum of liquid water.
- Sarai Dery Folkestad
- , Alexander C. Paul
- & Henrik Koch
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Article
| Open AccessVisualizing a single wavefront dislocation induced by orbital angular momentum in graphene
Phase singularities are intimately related to orbital angular momentum. Direct local imaging of orbital angular momentum effects at the nanoscale remains challenging. Here, the authors demonstrate via scanning tunnelling microscopy that inter-orbital angular momentum scatterings induced by asymmetric potentials can modulate the phase singularities and induce single-wavefront dislocations.
- Yi-Wen Liu
- , Yu-Chen Zhuang
- & Lin He
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Article
| Open AccessBiocompatible aggregation-induced emission active polyphosphate-manganese nanosheets with glutamine synthetase-like activity in excitotoxic nerve cells
Glutamine synthetase (GS) relies on Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to activate glutamate (Glu) and are vital for maintaining ammonia and Glu homeostasis, but GS function is impaired during ATP-deficient neurotoxic events. Here the authors report polyphosphate-manganese nanosheets having GS-like activity independent of ATP to promote the conversion of Glu to glutamine in excitatory neurotoxic cells.
- Jing Wang
- , Xinyang Zhao
- & Wei Wei
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Article
| Open AccessPredicting maximum strain hardening factor in elongational flow of branched pom-pom polymers from polymer architecture
The quantitative connection between the molecular topology and molecular dynamics is a long-standing, fundamental challenge in polymer science. Here the authors present a model-driven predictive scheme for the uniaxial extensional viscosity and strain hardening of branched polymer melts, specifically for the pom-pom architecture.
- Max G. Schußmann
- , Manfred Wilhelm
- & Valerian Hirschberg
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Article
| Open AccessUnravelling and reconstructing the biosynthetic pathway of bergenin
Bergenin is a rare C-glycoside of 4-O-methyl gallic acid with multiple pharmacological properties. Here, the authors report the elucidation of the biosynthetic pathway of bergenin in Ardisia japonica and its bioproduction by engineered E. coli.
- Ruiqi Yan
- , Binghan Xie
- & Lin Yang
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Perspective
| Open AccessEmerging trends in chiral inorganic nanomaterials for enantioselective catalysis
Considerable attention has been directed towards chiral nanocatalysts due to their significant role in facilitating asymmetric organic transformations. Here the authors highlight the recent advancements and notable examples in the field of chiral inorganic nanocatalysts.
- Si Li
- , Xinxin Xu
- & Chuanlai Xu
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Review Article
| Open AccessUntethered soft actuators for soft standalone robotics
Untethered soft robots offer numerous advantages in terms of mobility, versatility, and autonomy, making them increasingly valuable for a wide range of applications. Jung et al. review the new types of untethered soft actuators that represent breakthroughs and discuss the future perspective of soft actuators.
- Yeongju Jung
- , Kangkyu Kwon
- & Seung Hwan Ko
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Article
| Open AccessCollapse of carbon nanotubes due to local high-pressure from van der Waals encapsulation
vdW assembly of low-dimensional materials has proven the capability of creating structures with on-demand properties. Here, the authors report on the structural collapse of CNTs in conjunction with a metal-semiconductor junction induced by the VdW encapsulation.
- Cheng Hu
- , Jiajun Chen
- & Zhiwen Shi
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Article
| Open AccessWindSeer: real-time volumetric wind prediction over complex terrain aboard a small uncrewed aerial vehicle
Wind has a large impact on the safety and efficiency of small uncrewed aerial vehicles. Here, the authors present a neural network-based method for estimating the wind at meter-scale resolution around complex terrain solely based on terrain knowledge and local onboard wind observations.
- Florian Achermann
- , Thomas Stastny
- & Nicholas Lawrance
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Article
| Open AccessComparative quantum-classical dynamics of natural and synthetic molecular rotors show how vibrational synchronization modulates the photoisomerization quantum efficiency
The control of reaction quantum efficiencies is a fundamental photochemical problem. Here the authors use comparative quantum-classical dynamics to reveal that the synchronization of specific vibrations with the reaction coordinate is a key promoting factor.
- Alejandro Blanco-Gonzalez
- , Madushanka Manathunga
- & Massimo Olivucci
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Article
| Open AccessMulti-level, forming and filament free, bulk switching trilayer RRAM for neuromorphic computing at the edge
Filamentary RRAM technologies suffer from variations and noise, leading to computational accuracy loss, and increased energy consumption. Park et al. created a trilayer metal-oxide bulk switching RRAM technology without filament formation and showed edge computing for an autonomous navigation task.
- Jaeseoung Park
- , Ashwani Kumar
- & Duygu Kuzum
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Article
| Open AccessMultiple hydrogen-bonding induced nonconventional red fluorescence emission in hydrogels
The development of fluorescent polymer hydrogels without the use of extended pi-conjugation is challenging. Here, the authors report the use of clustering-trigger emission to give red fluorescence on boiling polymer hydrogels, with tuneable emission properties.
- Jiayu Wu
- , Yuhuan Wang
- & Feng Zhou
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Article
| Open AccessEstablishing superfine nanofibrils for robust polyelectrolyte artificial spider silk and powerful artificial muscles
Spider silk has desirable properties, but these are hard to replicate with artificial materials. Here, the authors report a polyelectrolyte artificial spider silk, with control over dissociation of the polymer chains by introduction of ions, and thermally driven supercontraction.
- Wenqian He
- , Meilin Wang
- & Zunfeng Liu
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Article
| Open AccessEfficient ammonia synthesis from the air using tandem non-thermal plasma and electrocatalysis at ambient conditions
The conversion of atmospheric N2 into NH3 under ambient pressure is highly interesting but very challenging. In this study, the authors present a tandem air-NOx and NOx-NH3 system that combines non-thermal plasma-enabled N2 oxidation with Ni(OH)x/Cu-catalyzed electrochemical NOx−reduction, resulting in a high NH3 yield from N2 under ambient pressure conditions.
- Wei Liu
- , Mengyang Xia
- & Guidong Yang
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Article
| Open AccessSweat permeable and ultrahigh strength 3D PVDF piezoelectric nanoyarn fabric strain sensor
Electronic packaging causes piezoelectric sensors to be airtight, resulting in poor wearing comfort. To address this issue, the authors develop a 3D all-fiber piezoelectric sensor with sweat permeable using the advanced 3D textile technology.
- Wei Fan
- , Ruixin Lei
- & Shengbo Ge
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Article
| Open AccessMemory-electroluminescence for multiple action-potentials combination in bio-inspired afferent nerves
In this work, a nanoscale light-emitting diode with memory-electroluminescence is demonstrated, which is used for mimicking the generation of multiple action-potentials and their combinations in bio-inspired afferent nerves.
- Kun Wang
- , Yitao Liao
- & Tae Whan Kim
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Article
| Open AccessControl of polymers’ amorphous-crystalline transition enables miniaturization and multifunctional integration for hydrogel bioelectronics
Soft elastic materials could be useful in the fabrication of brain-machine interfaces, but achieving the desirable material properties can be challenging. Here, the authors report control of the amorphous-crystalline transition of polymers to alter hydrogel properties and monitor mouse behaviour.
- Sizhe Huang
- , Xinyue Liu
- & Siyuan Rao
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Article
| Open AccessHousehold alternating current electricity plug-and-play quantum-dot light-emitting diodes
Conventional lighting requires an AC-DC converter for LEDs. Here, the authors report a tandem structure by connecting two QLEDs with opposite polarity in parallel, enabling AC driven operation. A household AC electricity plug-and-play QLEDs panel with tuneable colour and brightness is achieved.
- Jiming Wang
- , Cuixia Yuan
- & Shuming Chen
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Article
| Open AccessConfining single Er3+ ions in sub-3 nm NaYF4 nanoparticles to induce slow relaxation of the magnetisation
Many of the most industrially important magnets require the addition of rare-earths to improve their coercivity and magnetic performance. Here, the authors place a single paramagnetic rare-earth ion, Er3+, in a diamagnetic nanoparticle, and study the slow relaxation of the resulting nanoparticles, providing vital information for the further development of rare-earth magnetic materials.
- Diogo A. Gálico
- , Emille M. Rodrigues
- & Muralee Murugesu
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Article
| Open AccessQuantum annealing of a frustrated magnet
Quantum annealing is usually discussed as a means of finding an optimal solution for a problem where there are many local minima, such as the travelling salesman. Here, Zhao et al present an intriguing example of quantum annealing in the case of the frustrated magnet α-CoV2O6, where a transverse magnetic field triggers the quantum annealing process.
- Yuqian Zhao
- , Zhaohua Ma
- & Yuesheng Li
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Article
| Open AccessConsummating ion desolvation in hard carbon anodes for reversible sodium storage
Hard carbon is regarded as a promising negative electrode for Na-ion batteries but suffers from low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). Here, the authors identify the time-dependent ion pre-desolvation on the nanopore of hard carbons, which remarkably improves the ICE by simply extending the aging time.
- Ziyang Lu
- , Huijun Yang
- & Haoshen Zhou
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Article
| Open AccessMagnetically propagating Hund’s exciton in van der Waals antiferromagnet NiPS3
Recently, excitons with unconventional properties were reported in a van der Waals antiferromagnet NiPS3. Here, using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, the authors show that the formation of these excitons is primarily driven by Hund’s coupling and that they propagate similarly to two-magnon excitations.
- W. He
- , Y. Shen
- & M. P. M. Dean
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Article
| Open AccessSub-millisecond lithiothermal synthesis of graphitic meso–microporous carbon
Porous carbons with high specific surface area and electronic conductivity are of interest for their electron and ion transport ability. Here authors use ultra-high temperature reactions of Li metal and polytetrafluoroethylene to make graphitized porous carbon for electrochemical energy storage.
- Huimin Zhang
- , Jingyi Qiu
- & Hao Zhang
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Article
| Open AccessNanosecond anomaly detection with decision trees and real-time application to exotic Higgs decays
Real-time inference of collisions using unsupervised AI for discovery is of interest in particle physics. Here, authors present the training and efficient implementation of a decision tree-based autoencoder used as an anomaly detector that executes at 30 ns on FPGA for use in edge computing.
- S. T. Roche
- , Q. Bayer
- & T. M. Hong
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Article
| Open AccessIron-catalyzed stereoselective C–H alkylation for simultaneous construction of C–N axial and C-central chirality
A highly efficient stereoselective C−H alkylation of indoles with aryl alkenes is achieved by sustainable iron catalysis, leading to atropoenriched and enantioenriched substituted indoles with high structural diversity. Detailed mechanistic studies by experiment, Mössbauer spectroscopy and computation reveal the origin of the catalytic efficacy and stereoselectivity.
- Zi-Jing Zhang
- , Nicolas Jacob
- & Lutz Ackermann
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Article
| Open AccessEmpowering high-dimensional optical fiber communications with integrated photonic processors
Leveraging photonic integration and photonic computing acceleration, Lu et al. proposed and demonstrated a scalable integrated silicon photonic processor that enables high-capacity optical fiber communications using various fiber spatial modes.
- Kaihang Lu
- , Zengqi Chen
- & Yeyu Tong
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Article
| Open AccessPlanar thermal Hall effect from phonons in a Kitaev candidate material
The thermal Hall effect is a novel probe of neutral excitations in insulators; however, the mechanism behind one type of neutral excitations – phonons – is still unclear. Here the authors observe a planar thermal Hall effect in the Kitaev candidate material Na2Co2TeO6 and proposed that it is generated by phonons.
- Lu Chen
- , Étienne Lefrançois
- & Louis Taillefer
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Article
| Open AccessScalable computation of anisotropic vibrations for large macromolecular assemblies
Normal mode analysis is a crucial step in structural biology, but is based on an expensive diagonalisation of the system’s Hessian. Here the authors present INCHING, a GPU-based approach to accelerate this task up to >250 times over current methods for macromolecular assemblies.
- Jordy Homing Lam
- , Aiichiro Nakano
- & Vsevolod Katritch
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Article
| Open AccessTransparent integrated pyroelectric-photovoltaic structure for photo-thermo hybrid power generation
The full potential of photoelectric devices can possibly be maximized through pyroelectricity for power generation beyond thermodynamic limit. Here, authors report photovoltaic heterostructure device with pyroelectric absorber, achieving 2.5 times more output power due to long-range electric field.
- Malkeshkumar Patel
- , Hyeong-Ho Park
- & Joondong Kim
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Article
| Open AccessFlower-shaped 2D crystals grown in curved fluid vesicle membranes
Thin crystals grown on rigid spherical templates of increasing curvature exhibit increased protrusions. Here, the authors demonstrate the opposite curvature effect on the morphology of molecularly thin crystals grown within elastic fluid membranes, like those of biological cells.
- Hao Wan
- , Geunwoong Jeon
- & Maria M. Santore
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Article
| Open AccessFunctionalized MXene ink enables environmentally stable printed electronics
Here, authors demonstrate the electrohydrodynamic printing of alkylated 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine functionalized MXene (AD-MXene) ink. The AD-MXene outperforms vacuum-deposited Au and Al electrodes, providing thin film transistors with good environmental stability due to its hydrophobicity.
- Tae Yun Ko
- , Heqing Ye
- & Insik In
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Article
| Open AccessCorrelation between two distant quasiparticles in separate superconducting islands mediated by a single spin
The authors experimentally study a chain of superconducting islands (SI) and quantum dots (QD), where a Bogoliubov quasiparticle occupies each SI. They demonstrate correlations between the quasiparticles in each SI mediated by a single spin on the QD, known as an “over-screened" doublet state of the QD.
- Juan Carlos Estrada Saldaña
- , Alexandros Vekris
- & Jesper Nygård
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Article
| Open AccessA comprehensive synthetic library of poly-N-acetyl glucosamines enabled vaccine against lethal challenges of Staphylococcus aureus
Poly-β-(1–6)-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG) is an important vaccine target, but the impact of the number and position of free amine vs N-acetylation on its antigenicity is not well understood. Here, the authors report a divergent strategy to synthesize a comprehensive library of PNAG pentasaccharides, enabling the identification of enhanced epitopes for vaccines against Staphylococcus aureus including drug resistant strains.
- Zibin Tan
- , Weizhun Yang
- & Xuefei Huang
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Article
| Open AccessDirect programming of confined surface phonon polariton resonators with the plasmonic phase-change material In3SbTe2
Tailored light-matter interaction can be achieved with surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs). Here, Conrads et al. employ the plasmonic phase-change material In3SbTe2 on the polar crystal SiC for direct programming of confined SPhP resonators and study their resonance modes via near-field microscopy.
- Lukas Conrads
- , Luis Schüler
- & Thomas Taubner
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Article
| Open AccessEnergy-efficient superparamagnetic Ising machine and its application to traveling salesman problems
Ising machines are promising for solving NP-hard problems, but current implementations have power consumption and scalability challenges. Si et al. implement an Ising machine consisting of 80 superparamagnetic tunnel junctions with all-to-all connections and apply it to a large-scale travelling salesman problem.
- Jia Si
- , Shuhan Yang
- & Hyunsoo Yang
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Article
| Open AccessDenRAM: neuromorphic dendritic architecture with RRAM for efficient temporal processing with delays
The authors present DenRAM, a hardware realization of spiking neural network with dendritic architecture. It utilizes memristive devices to implement both delay and weight parameters, enhancing low-power signal processing with reduced memory use.
- Simone D’Agostino
- , Filippo Moro
- & Melika Payvand
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Article
| Open AccessQuantum critical phase of FeO spans conditions of Earth’s lower mantle
Large-scale eDMFT computation reveals that FeO undergoes a gradual orbitally selective insulator-metal transition across the extreme conditions of Earth’s interior, with implications for compositions and conductivity of the core-mantle boundary region.
- Wai-Ga D. Ho
- , Peng Zhang
- & Vasilije V. Dobrosavljevic
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Article
| Open AccessVisualized in-sensor computing
The communication of colour information stands as one of the most immediate and widespread methods of interaction among biological entities. Xu et al. report an electrochromic neuromorphic transistor employing color updates to represent synaptic weight for real-time visualised in-sensor computing.
- Yao Ni
- , Jiaqi Liu
- & Wentao Xu
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Article
| Open AccessFlow interactions lead to self-organized flight formations disrupted by self-amplifying waves
Schools, flocks and related forms of collective behavior and collective locomotion involve complicated fluid dynamical interactions. Here, using a “mock flock" of robotic flappers, authors report that the interaction between leaders and followers is similar to one-way springs, leading to lattice-like self-organization but also a new type of traveling-wave disturbance.
- Joel W. Newbolt
- , Nickolas Lewis
- & Leif Ristroph
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Article
| Open AccessF-actin architecture determines the conversion of chemical energy into mechanical work
F-actin architecture modulates transmission and generation of stresses in cells, yet its impact on myosin ATP hydrolysis remains unknown. The authors perform experiments measuring myosin ATP hydrolysis rates, showing that F-actin architecture can control myosin energy consumption.
- Ryota Sakamoto
- & Michael P. Murrell
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Article
| Open AccessDynamic acoustic optimization of pulse tube refrigerators for rapid cooldown
Pulse tube refrigerators are a critical enabling technology for many disciplines that require low temperatures, including quantum computing. Here, the authors show that dynamically optimizing the acoustic parameters of the refrigerator can improve conventional cooldown speeds up to 3.5 times.
- Ryan Snodgrass
- , Vincent Kotsubo
- & Joel Ullom
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Article
| Open AccessAn isolable, chelating bis[cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene] stabilizes a strongly bent, dicoordinate Ni(0) complex
Notwithstanding their success as strongly σ-donating and π-accepting ligands, to date no chelating bis[cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes] have been reported. Here the authors describe a chelating, C2-symmetric bis[cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene] ligand, as well as its pseudotetrahedral complexes with iron, cobalt, nickel, and zinc dihalides.
- Braulio M. Puerta Lombardi
- , Morgan R. Faas
- & Roland Roesler
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Article
| Open AccessHighly defective ultra-small tetravalent MOF nanocrystals
Crystalline materials’ properties are highly dependent on their size. Here authors report a general synthesis of ultrasmall (4–6 nm) and highly defective Zr/Hf-Metal Organic Frameworks nanoparticles that present enhanced peptide hydrolysis performance.
- Shan Dai
- , Charlotte Simms
- & Christian Serre
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Article
| Open AccessDualistic insulator states in 1T-TaS2 crystals
While monolayer of 1T-TaS2 is considered to be a Mott insulator, the nature of the bulk insulating state is debated. Here the authors introduce a ladder-type structures with fractional misalignment of adjacent layers, showing that it becomes a Mott insulator due to decoupling between the layers.
- Yihao Wang
- , Zhihao Li
- & Liang Cao
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Article
| Open AccessAtomic-scale observation of localized phonons at FeSe/SrTiO3 interface
The authors characterize the phonon modes at the FeSe/SrTiO3 interface with atomically resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy and correlate them with accurate atomic structure in an electron microscope. They find several phonon modes highly localized at the interface, one of which engages in strong interactions with the electrons in FeSe.
- Ruochen Shi
- , Qize Li
- & Peng Gao
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Article
| Open AccessBoosting thermoelectric performance of single-walled carbon nanotubes-based films through rational triple treatments
Authors introduce triple treatments to advance flexible single-walled carbon nanotube films, achieving a power factor of 20.29 µW cm−1 K−2. High structural stability and flexibility enable the fabrication of a high-power-density flexible device.
- Yuan-Meng Liu
- , Xiao-Lei Shi
- & Zhi-Gang Chen
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Article
| Open AccessMeasuring statistics-induced entanglement entropy with a Hong–Ou–Mandel interferometer
Measuring quantum entanglement remains a demanding task. The authors introduce two functions to quantify entanglement induced by fermionic or bosonic statistics, in transport experiments. Both functions, in theory and experiment, are remarkably resilient against the nonuniversal effects of interactions.
- Gu Zhang
- , Changki Hong
- & Yuval Gefen
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Article
| Open AccessRoom-temperature stabilizing strongly competing ferrielectric and antiferroelectric phases in PbZrO3 by strain-mediated phase separation
There is a desire to know how the threefold ferrielectric coexists with the antiferroelectric phase. Here, the authors realize a threefold-modulated ferrielectric phase regulated by strain-mediated phase separation in PbZrO3 thin film.
- Ziyi Yu
- , Ningbo Fan
- & Fangfang Xu
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Article
| Open AccessExosome-coated oxygen nanobubble-laden hydrogel augments intracellular delivery of exosomes for enhanced wound healing
Challenges including hypoxia, inflammation, and inadequate exosome intracellular delivery hinder wound healing. Here, the authors show that a multifunctional exosome-coated oxygen nanobubble-laden hydrogel enhances exosome delivery and mitigates hypoxia for enhanced wound healing.
- Xiaoxue Han
- , Chaimongkol Saengow
- & Joseph Irudayaraj