Natural hazards articles within Nature Geoscience

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  • Article
    | Open Access

    Evidence for a past large explosive eruption within the Santorini caldera suggests that early stages of silicic caldera cycles can be more hazardous than previously assumed, according to analyses of intra-caldera deposits from the Kameni Volcano.

    • Jonas Preine
    • , Jens Karstens
    •  & Dimitrios Papanikolaou

  • News & Views |

    Megathrust earthquakes along subduction zones present significant hazards. Evidence from the South Chile subduction zone suggests that the structure and fluid distribution of the megathrust interface governs the size and timing of large earthquakes.

    • Mohamed Chlieh

  • Research Briefing |

    Analysis of sea temperatures using a four-dimensional spatio-temporal framework has revealed a great number of marine heatwaves occurring globally below the sea surface. These extreme events, which threaten the ecologically important epipelagic zone, have occurred increasingly frequently during the past three decades owing to ocean warming.

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Lightning-induced fires account for 77% of the burned area in extratropical intact forests, and lightning ignitions will probably become more frequent as the global climate warms, according to a global attribution of lightning and anthropogenic fires from 2001 to 2020.

    • Thomas A. J. Janssen
    • , Matthew W. Jones
    •  & Sander Veraverbeke

  • Article |

    Velocity-weakening seismic barriers in subduction zones display a range of behaviours consistent with geologic structural control on earthquake seismicity, according to earthquake cycle simulations along a megathrust.

    • Diego Molina-Ormazabal
    • , Jean-Paul Ampuero
    •  & Andrés Tassara

  • News & Views |

    NASA’s DART mission showed how a kinetic impact can be deployed to enhance the momentum change of a near-Earth asteroid while giving us the first up-close view of a binary asteroid system.

    • Adriano Campo Bagatin

  • News & Views |

    The devastating intensity of exceptional floods in some rivers can be anticipated, and surprisingly traces back to the river basins themselves, rather than the amount of rain they receive.

    • Cédric H. David
    •  & Renato P. d. M. Frasson

  • News & Views |

    Long-lasting eruptions of some subduction zone volcanoes may be regulated by their magma sources in the mantle. This suggests that direct connections between the mantle and surface are possible through a relatively thick crust.

    • Jorge E. Romero

  • Article |

    Small-scale compositional alteration of the mantle wedge by fluids may regulate eruptive activity of individual arc volcanoes, according to an analysis of the isotopic composition of ashes erupted by Tungurahua volcano in Ecuador from 1999 to 2016.

    • I. Vlastélic
    • , N. Sainlot
    •  & A. Gannoun

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The occurrence of extremely hot days around the globe is the result of a regionally varying mix of physical processes—advective, adiabatic and diabatic warming—that influence upstream air masses, according to an analysis of the backward trajectories of air contributing to hot extremes.

    • Matthias Röthlisberger
    •  & Lukas Papritz

  • News & Views |

    Satellite data are revolutionizing coastal science. A study revealing how the El Niño/Southern Oscillation impacts coastal erosion around the Pacific Rim shows what is possible.

    • Patrick L. Barnard
    •  & Sean Vitousek

  • Article |

    Simulated earthquakes on metre-scale laboratory faults reveal that fault surfaces with more heterogeneous topography are stronger, and rupture at a wider range of propagation speeds, than those that are less heterogeneous.

    • Shiqing Xu
    • , Eiichi Fukuyama
    •  & Shigeru Takizawa

  • Article |

    A large, slow-moving landslide underlying the city of Bukavu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has accelerated in recent decades due to hydrological modifications related to urbanization, according to an analysis of aerial photographs and remote-sensing data.

    • Antoine Dille
    • , Olivier Dewitte
    •  & François Kervyn

  • Research Briefing |

    Satellite measurements show that dust emission is enhanced following large wildfires, producing considerable dust loadings for days to weeks over normally dust-free regions. These sequential fire and dust extremes will likely become more frequent and severe under global warming, having increased societal and ecological impacts.

  • News & Views |

    Sea level rise causes barrier islands to migrate landward. Coastal evolution modelling reveals a centennial-scale lag in island response time and suggests migration rates will increase by 50% within the next century, even if sea level were to stabilize.

    • Laura J. Moore
    •  & A. Brad Murray

  • Article |

    Coastal evolution simulations suggest that the modern retreat of coastal barrier islands is controlled by cumulative sea-level rise over the past several centuries and will accelerate by 50% within a century, even if sea-level rise remains at present rates.

    • Giulio Mariotti
    •  & Christopher J. Hein

  • Article |

    Using magma inflow rate improves eruption forecasting on timescales of weeks to months for basaltic caldera systems, compared with using surface deformation alone, according to analysis of 45 unrest case studies and viscoelastic modelling.

    • Federico Galetto
    • , Valerio Acocella
    •  & Marco Bagnardi

  • Article |

    Fracture density decays continuously with distance from the fault resulting in regionally widespread damage over multiple earthquake cycles, according to combined maps of fracture, strain and aftershocks from the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes.

    • Alba M. Rodriguez Padilla
    • , Michael E. Oskin
    •  & Andreas Plesch

  • Review Article |

    Hurricanes and typhoons are tracking further poleward due to the effects of climate change, according to a synthesis of numerical modelling results, observations and palaeoclimate records.

    • Joshua Studholme
    • , Alexey V. Fedorov
    •  & Kevin Hodges

  • Review Article |

    Fires reduce plant biomass, which should deplete soil carbon stocks, but a review of recent literature shows that fires also slow decomposition rates and increase soil organic matter stability, offsetting aboveground biomass carbon losses.

    • Adam F. A. Pellegrini
    • , Jennifer Harden
    •  & Robert B. Jackson

  • Brief Communication |

    Rupture depth helps explain variations in the size of tsunamis produced by earthquakes, according to numerical modelling and an array of observations.

    • Kwok Fai Cheung
    • , Thorne Lay
    •  & Yoshiki Yamazaki

  • Article |

    Carbon fluxes in the central Himalaya did not change after the 2015 Gorkha earthquake and its accompanying landslides, according to observations of riverine sediment and carbon fluxes over four monsoon seasons spanning the event.

    • Lena Märki
    • , Maarten Lupker
    •  & Timothy Eglinton

  • Article |

    The Philippine Sea/Pacific boundary megathrust is another possible source of seismic hazard in the Tokyo Region and tsunamis in the Pacific, according to an assessment of 1,000 years of tsunami deposits along the Japanese coastline.

    • Jessica E. Pilarczyk
    • , Yuki Sawai
    •  & Christopher H. Vane

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