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| Open AccessProbing molecules in gas cells of subwavelength thickness with high frequency resolution
Using gas cells for spectroscopic studies opens possibility for miniaturized platforms that can be integrated with other optical components. Here the authors demonstrate molecular rovibrational spectroscopy by confining molecules in a cell of subwavelength thickness.
- Guadalupe Garcia Arellano
- , Joao Carlos de Aquino Carvalho
- & Athanasios Laliotis
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| Open AccessWide-field mid-infrared hyperspectral imaging beyond video rate
Mid-infrared hyperspectral imaging is valuable for sample characterisation but suffers limited scanning rates. The authors develop such an imaging system based on parametric upconversion of supercontinuum illumination in the Fourier plane, enabling a 100-Hz acquisition rate of spectral datacubes.
- Jianan Fang
- , Kun Huang
- & Heping Zeng
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Article
| Open AccessBroadband thermal imaging using meta-optics
Exploring the miniaturization of imaging systems, researchers use inverse-design for broadband meta-optics in the LWIR spectrum. Here, authors achieve a six-fold Strehl ratio improvement in image quality over conventional metalenses using a novel design and computational techniques.
- Luocheng Huang
- , Zheyi Han
- & Arka Majumdar
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| Open AccessActive mid-infrared ring resonators
Multifunctional active mid-infrared ring resonators and directional couplers with quantum cascade laser cores allow electrical control of resonant frequency and quality factors, tunable filtering and frequency comb generation.
- Dmitry Kazakov
- , Theodore P. Letsou
- & Federico Capasso
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| Open AccessTransparent dynamic infrared emissivity regulators
In this work, authors report a transparent dynamic infrared emissivity modulation mechanism based on reversible injection/extraction of electrons in aluminium-doped zinc oxide nanocrystals and demonstrate it for smart thermal management applications.
- Yan Jia
- , Dongqing Liu
- & Tianwen Liu
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| Open AccessHigh-speed scanless entire bandwidth mid-infrared chemical imaging
The authors present a fast mid-infrared hyperspectral chemical imaging technique that uses chirped pulse upconversion of sub-cycle pulses at the image plane, with lateral resolution of 15 µm and an adjustable field of view and large spectral range. They demonstrate identification and mapping different components in a microfluidic device, plant cell, and mouse embryo.
- Yue Zhao
- , Shota Kusama
- & Takao Fuji
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| Open Access3D-patterned inverse-designed mid-infrared metaoptics
The authors show computationally optimized, multilayer scattering structures in the mid-infrared for high efficiency imaging. Multispectral and polarization sorting devices are fabricated via two-photon lithography and characterized optically.
- Gregory Roberts
- , Conner Ballew
- & Andrei Faraon
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Article
| Open AccessMid-infrared analogue polaritonic reversed Cherenkov radiation in natural anisotropic crystals
Here, the authors demonstrate an analogue reversed Cherenkov radiation at mid-infrared frequencies in MoO3, a natural hyperbolic material, and show that the radiation angle and the quality factor can be increased by stacking hBN layers on the MoO3 surface.
- Xiangdong Guo
- , Chenchen Wu
- & Qing Dai
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| Open AccessMid-infrared single-pixel imaging at the single-photon level
The authors present an implementation of mid-infrared single-photon computational imaging with a single-element silicon detector. In addition to unique features of single-pixel simplicity and room-temperature operation, the infrared imager offers a superior sensitivity at the single-photon level.
- Yinqi Wang
- , Kun Huang
- & Heping Zeng
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Article
| Open AccessMid-infrared cross-comb spectroscopy
The authors introduce and demonstrate cross-comb spectroscopy in the mid-infrared as a variant of dual-comb spectroscopy. It provides enhanced performance and allows mid-infrared spectral information to be obtained by near-infrared detection.
- Mingchen Liu
- , Robert M. Gray
- & Alireza Marandi
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Article
| Open AccessHigh-capacity free-space optical communications using wavelength- and mode-division-multiplexing in the mid-infrared region
A 300-Gbit/s free-space optical communication system is demonstrated in the mid-IR wavelength region by using both wavelength- and mode-division multiplexing.
- Kaiheng Zou
- , Kai Pang
- & Alan E. Willner
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Article
| Open AccessHigh-quality microresonators in the longwave infrared based on native germanium
Developing longwave infrared technology hide intrinsic challenges but at the same time is important to develop sensing and imaging for detection, ranging, and monitoring systems. Here the authors demonstrate the fabrication of high-quality microresonators in the LWIR with the simple use of native germanium.
- Dingding Ren
- , Chao Dong
- & David Burghoff
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Article
| Open AccessWaveguide-integrated mid-infrared photodetection using graphene on a scalable chalcogenide glass platform
Mid-infrared photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are important for sensing and optical communications, but their operational wavelengths are usually limited below 4 μm. Here, the authors report the realization of photothermoelectric graphene photodetectors incorporated in a chalcogenide glass-on-CaF2 PIC operating at 5.2 μm, showing promising results for gas sensing applications.
- Jordan Goldstein
- , Hongtao Lin
- & Dirk Englund
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| Open AccessWavelength-multiplexed hook nanoantennas for machine learning enabled mid-infrared spectroscopy
Infrared spectroscopy with plasmonic nanoantennas is limited by small overlap between molecules and hot spots, and sharp resonance peaks. The authors demonstrate spectral multiplexing of hook nanoantennas with gradient dimensions as ultrasensitive vibrational probes in a continuous ultra-broadband region and utilize machine learning for enhanced sensing performance.
- Zhihao Ren
- , Zixuan Zhang
- & Chengkuo Lee
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Article
| Open AccessNoncontact human-machine interaction based on hand-responsive infrared structural color
The IR radiation from human hand can selectively interact with grating patterns in the generation of distinct IR structural colors, which can be used for human-machine interaction with flexible interaction distance in low or no light conditions.
- Shun An
- , Hanrui Zhu
- & Tao Deng
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| Open AccessWide-field mid-infrared single-photon upconversion imaging
The authors present a simple yet effective solution to dramatically boost the performances of an upconversion imaging system, which leads to unprecedented mid-infrared imaging features with large field of view, single-photon sensitivity and a MHz-level frame rate.
- Kun Huang
- , Jianan Fang
- & Heping Zeng
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Article
| Open AccessArchitecture for microcomb-based GHz-mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy
Chip-based architectures for mid-infrared gas sensing could enable many applications. In this direction, the authors demonstrate a microcomb-based dual-comb spectroscopy sensor with GHz resolution in the mid-IR band, with stability completely determined by a single high-Q microresonator.
- Chengying Bao
- , Zhiquan Yuan
- & Kerry J. Vahala
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Article
| Open AccessPrivate communication with quantum cascade laser photonic chaos
Free-space communication in the mid-IR domain has many potential applications, but security is still challenging. Here, the authors use chaos synchronization in a QCL-based free-space link as a way to increase privacy of such transmissions.
- Olivier Spitz
- , Andreas Herdt
- & Frédéric Grillot
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Article
| Open AccessMultispectral camouflage for infrared, visible, lasers and microwave with radiative cooling
Manipulating electromagnetic waves to camouflage objects is an important tool. Here, the authors present a camouflage that covers a wide range of frequencies based on multilayer and metasurface technologies.
- Huanzheng Zhu
- , Qiang Li
- & Min Qiu
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Article
| Open AccessFast amplitude modulation up to 1.5 GHz of mid-IR free-space beams at room-temperature
Broadband integrated electrical modulators are key components for photonic systems. Here, the authors present a room temperature mid-IR free-space amplitude modulator based on a semiconductor heterostructure that exploits the change in reflectance occurring at the change between weak and strong coupling.
- Stefano Pirotta
- , Ngoc-Linh Tran
- & Raffaele Colombelli
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| Open AccessGiant topological longitudinal circular photo-galvanic effect in the chiral multifold semimetal CoSi
Quantized circular photogalvanic effect (CPGE) is predicted in chiral topological semimetals, but the experimental observation remains challenging. Here, Ni et al. observe a large topological longitudinal photocurrent in CoSi, which is much larger than the photocurrent in any other chiral crystals, indicating quantized CPGE within reach upon doping and increase of the hot-carrier lifetime.
- Zhuoliang Ni
- , K. Wang
- & Liang Wu
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| Open AccessZero-bias mid-infrared graphene photodetectors with bulk photoresponse and calibration-free polarization detection
Here, graphene-based plasmonic metamaterials are used to generate an artificial bulk photovoltaic effect, enabling the realization of mid-infrared photodetectors with enhanced responsivity and calibration-free polarization detection at room temperature.
- Jingxuan Wei
- , Ying Li
- & Chengkuo Lee
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| Open AccessLithography-free IR polarization converters via orthogonal in-plane phonons in α-MoO3 flakes
Here, the authors investigate the polarization-dependent optical characteristics of cavities formed using α-MoO3 to extend the degrees of freedom in the design of IR photonic components exploiting the in-plane anisotropy of this material. Absorption over 80% and polarization conversion is reported without the need for nanoscale fabrication.
- Sina Abedini Dereshgi
- , Thomas G. Folland
- & Koray Aydin
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| Open AccessInfrared dielectric metamaterials from high refractive index chalcogenides
High-index dielectric materials are in great demand for nanophotonic applications. Here, the authors show that chalcogenide topological insulators are suitable candidates for dielectric nanophotonics in the infrared spectral range by reporting resonances in Bi2Te3 crystals sustained in the mid-infrared.
- H. N. S. Krishnamoorthy
- , G. Adamo
- & C. Soci
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Article
| Open AccessLasing in strained germanium microbridges
Germanium (based) lasers are a promising route towards a fully CMOS-compatible light source, key to the further development of silicon photonics. Here, the authors realize lasing from strained germanium microbridges up to 100 K, finding a quantum efficiency close to 100%.
- F. T. Armand Pilon
- , A. Lyasota
- & H. Sigg
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| Open AccessRoom temperature terahertz semiconductor frequency comb
Terahertz frequency combs are highly desired for applications in precision measurements, sensing, spectroscopy and metrology. Here the authors demonstrate the room-temperature chip-based THz frequency comb using nonlinear frequency generation from a mid-infrared quantum cascade laser comb.
- Quanyong Lu
- , Feihu Wang
- & Manijeh Razeghi
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Article
| Open AccessMid infrared gas spectroscopy using efficient fiber laser driven photonic chip-based supercontinuum
The mid-infrared spectral region is important for gas sensing applications. Here, Grassani et al. demonstrate efficient supercontinuum generation from fibre-lasers injected into silicon nitride waveguides to provide a turn-key mid-IR source with milliwatt-level output.
- Davide Grassani
- , Eirini Tagkoudi
- & Camille-Sophie Brès
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| Open AccessUltra-thin high-efficiency mid-infrared transmissive Huygens meta-optics
Mid-IR optics can require exotic materials or complicated processing, which can result in high cost and inferior quality. Here the authors report the demonstration of high-efficiency mid-IR transmissive lenses based on dielectric Huygens metasurface, showing diffraction limited focusing and imaging performance.
- Li Zhang
- , Jun Ding
- & Juejun Hu
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| Open AccessMid-infrared ultra-high-Q resonators based on fluoride crystalline materials
Highly sensitive trace-gas detection is possible in the mid-infrared range with transparent microresonators. Here, the authors directly measure the necessary ultra-high quality factors of microresonators made from fluoride crystal materials using a tapered chalcogenide fibre.
- C. Lecaplain
- , C. Javerzac-Galy
- & T. J. Kippenberg
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| Open AccessMonolithically integrated mid-infrared lab-on-a-chip using plasmonics and quantum cascade structures
Quantum cascade lasers and detectors enable photonic integration of semiconductor devices across a broad spectral range. Here, Schwarz et al.present a bi-functional laser and detector structure, monolithically integrated with plasmonic waveguides for mid-infrared chemical sensors on a chip.
- Benedikt Schwarz
- , Peter Reininger
- & Gottfried Strasser
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Broadly tunable terahertz generation in mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers
Compact, tunable terahertz sources are highly desired for sensing and imaging applications. Here Vijayraghavan et al. demonstrate room-temperature quantum cascade laser sources based on the non-linear optical conversion of mid-infrared light that provide a tunable output over a 3.5-THz bandwidth.
- Karun Vijayraghavan
- , Yifan Jiang
- & Mikhail A. Belkin
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| Open AccessMid-infrared optical frequency combs at 2.5 μm based on crystalline microresonators
Optical frequency combs are vital tools for precision measurements, and extending them further into the mid-infrared 'molecular fingerprint' range will open new avenues for spectroscopy. Using crystalline microresonators, Wang et al. demonstrate Kerr combs at 2.5 μm as a promising route into the mid-infrared.
- C. Y. Wang
- , T. Herr
- & T. J. Kippenberg
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Rebalancing of internally generated carriers for mid-infrared interband cascade lasers with very low power consumption
Mid-infrared semiconductor lasers suffer from a high threshold power density, but interband cascade lasers may offer a more efficient alternative. Here, theory and experiments on such emitters demonstrate remarkably low thresholds and power consumption compared to state-of-the-art quantum cascade lasers.
- I. Vurgaftman
- , W.W. Bewley
- & J.R. Meyer