Featured
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Review Article |
Towards modulating the gut microbiota to enhance the efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitors
Advances over the past decade have established a prominent role of the gut microbiota in the modulation of immune homeostasis and function, including in patients with cancer receiving immune-checkpoint inhibitors. In this Review, the authors summarize current knowledge of the role of the microbiota in this context, describe several methods of modulating the microbiota clinically to improve patient outcomes, and highlight important future directions in this expanding area of research.
- Rebecca C. Simpson
- , Erin R. Shanahan
- & Georgina V. Long
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Review Article |
Gut OncoMicrobiome Signatures (GOMS) as next-generation biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy
Many studies attempting to identify biomarkers for predicting of immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy have led to the description of Gut OncoMicrobiome Signatures (GOMS). Several GOMS support an association between oncogenesis and intestinal dysbiosis, and other GOMS are shared between patients with several cancer subtypes and individuals with seemingly unrelated chronic inflammatory disorders. The authors of this Review discuss these patterns as well as the findings from a meta-analysis of GOMS associated with clinical benefit from ICIs, and propose practical guidelines to incorporate GOMS in decision-making in immuno-oncology.
- Andrew Maltez Thomas
- , Marine Fidelle
- & Laurence Zitvogel
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Editorial |
Managing cancer during a pandemic
Clinicians and researchers are rapidly adapting to working in the midst of a pandemic. Herein, we share our initial thoughts of the consequences of COVID-19 for the oncology community.
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News & Views |
HPV vaccination in boys — will the UK join the fight?
The UK Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunization recently announced a further delay before considering the subject of widespread human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in teenage boys, thereby excluding an estimated 2.9 million boys from receiving an effective treatment in this interim period. Vaccination of boys can offer significant clinical, economic and ethical advantages.
- Liam Masterson
- & Matt Lechner
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News & Views |
Squamocolumnar junction ablation—tying up loose ends?
Despite the commercialization of HPV vaccines, cervical cancer remains a major cause of death, especially in developing countries. Recent data implicate a discrete population of cells within the cervical squamocolumnar junction in the pathogenesis of cervical precancerous lesions, indicating that ablation of these cells might reduce the rate of cervical cancer in high-risk populations.
- Michael Herfs
- & Christopher P. Crum
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Review Article |
Clinical trials of human papillomavirus vaccines and beyond
Highly efficacious vaccines are available to protect against persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and, therefore, the associated neoplasias (most notably cervical cancer). This Review article discusses the two approved vaccines in terms of their structure, mode of action, efficacy, cross-reactivity with non-vaccine HPV types, safety and use in vaccination programmes.
- Matti Lehtinen
- & Joakim Dillner
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Research Highlight |
Seek and destroy: oncolytic virus shows promise in phase I trial
- Christoph A. Schmitt
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Research Highlight |
Human papillomavirus—a powerful predictor of survival in patients with oropharyngeal cancer
- Lisa Richards
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News & Views |
HPV testing for cervical cancer: the good, the bad, and the ugly
A randomized, controlled trial has shown human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing with and without liquid-based cytology to be more sensitive but less specific than conventional Papanicolaou smears for detection of precancerous lesions of the cervix. The lead-time advantage of early detection of precancerous lesions by HPV DNA testing resulted in cervical cancer reduction; however, an increased detection of possibly regressive precancerous lesions could result in unnecessary treatment, especially in women aged 25–34 years.
- Philip E. Castle
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