Featured
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Review Article |
Gastrointestinal biofilms in health and disease
In this Review, Motta, Vergnolle and colleagues describe the organization of microorganisms into planktonic, biofilm and biofilm-dispersed forms in the gastrointestinal tract. The role of the host–biofilm relationship in gut homeostasis and disease is discussed.
- Jean-Paul Motta
- , John L. Wallace
- & Nathalie Vergnolle
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Year in Review |
Modelling intestinal inflammation and infection using ‘mini-gut’ organoids
In 2020, major advances to the understanding of gastrointestinal inflammatory and infectious disease have been made using ‘mini-gut’ organoids. Key findings include the discovery of somatic inflammatory gene mutations in ulcerative colitis epithelium, a unique mutational signature in colorectal cancer caused by genotoxic Escherichia coli, and infection of intestinal organoids by SARS-CoV-2.
- Vivian S. W. Li
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Review Article |
Transcriptional programmes underlying cellular identity and microbial responsiveness in the intestinal epithelium
Transcriptional regulatory mechanisms have a dual role in specifying intestinal epithelial identity and enabling microbial responsiveness. In this Review, Rawls and colleagues describe what is currently known about the epigenetic patterning and transcription factors responsible for this duality.
- Jennifer K. Heppert
- , James M. Davison
- & John F. Rawls
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Comment |
In vitro ecology: a discovery engine for microbiome therapies
To therapeutically modulate gut microbial ecosystems, a better understanding of gut ecology is key. High-throughput in vitro ecology provides a tool with the necessary power to address these needs and interpersonal treatment response variation.
- Emma Hernandez-Sanabria
- , Jorge Francisco Vázquez-Castellanos
- & Jeroen Raes
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Review Article |
Brain–gut–microbiome interactions in obesity and food addiction
Food addiction is an eating behaviour that reflects alterations in brain–gut–microbiome (BGM) interactions and a shift towards hedonic mechanisms. This Review summarizes the physiology of food addiction in obesity as it relates to BGM interactions and provides insights into treatment targets for food addiction aimed at each level of the BGM axis.
- Arpana Gupta
- , Vadim Osadchiy
- & Emeran A. Mayer
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Review Article |
Organoid models of gastrointestinal cancers in basic and translational research
Organoid technology has emerged as a powerful method for studying gastrointestinal cancers. This Review describes organoid models of gastrointestinal cancers, such as colorectal and liver cancer, and discusses how they can be used in basic and translational research in fields such as drug discovery and personalized medicine.
- Harry Cheuk Hay Lau
- , Onno Kranenburg
- & Jun Yu
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Consensus Statement
| Open AccessFirst translational consensus on terminology and definitions of colonic motility in animals and humans studied by manometric and other techniques
This Consensus Statement provides a conceptual and methodological framework to expand research on colonic motility in experimental animals and humans. The work is intended to facilitate the development of new drugs for common colonic motility disorders and of appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms for the management of paediatric and adult patients.
- Maura Corsetti
- , Marcello Costa
- & Jan Tack
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Research Highlight |
Anaerobic intestine-on-a-chip system enables complex microbiota co-culture
- Iain Dickson
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Reply |
Extracellular gastrointestinal electrical recordings: movement not electrophysiology
- Kenton M. Sanders
- , Sean M. Ward
- & Grant W. Hennig
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Reply |
Power comes from technical fidelity, not from ease of use
- Kenton M. Sanders
- , Sean M. Ward
- & Grant W. Hennig
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Opinion |
Problems with extracellular recording of electrical activity in gastrointestinal muscle
Rhythmic electrical slow waves generate the contractions fundamental to gastrointestinal motility and certain disorders. In this Perspective, Sanders and colleagues discuss the application of slow-wave extracellular recording techniques to gastrointestinal organs and how mechanical artefacts might contaminate these recordings and confound interpretation.
- Kenton M. Sanders
- , Sean M. Ward
- & Grant W. Hennig
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Review Article |
Human mini-guts: new insights into intestinal physiology and host–pathogen interactions
The development of indefinitely propagating human 'mini-guts' has led to a rapid advance in gastrointestinal research. This Review highlights the uses of enteroids, colonoids and organoids in functional transport physiology studies and host–pathogen studies.
- Julie G. In
- , Jennifer Foulke-Abel
- & Mark Donowitz
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