Featured
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Multifunctional entinostat enhances the mechanical robustness and efficiency of flexible perovskite solar cells and minimodules
The organic molecule entinostat improves adhesion between the perovskites and substrates, leading to mechanically robust solar cell minimodules with an area of 9 cm2 and power conversion efficiency of 19%.
- Wenzhan Xu
- , Bo Chen
- & Jinsong Huang
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Article |
Wide-band frequency modulation of a terahertz intrinsic Josephson junction emitter of a cuprate superconductor
Frequency-modulated terahertz continuous waves are generated from Josephson junctions included in a cuprate superconductor. When 3 GHz sinusoidal waves were superimposed on 840–890 GHz carrier waves, the modulation bandwidth reached 40 GHz when a Josephson plasma emission was utilized.
- Masashi Miyamoto
- , Ryota Kobayashi
- & Itsuhiro Kakeya
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News & Views |
Large-angle twist effect
A large-angle twist between two bilayer graphene films makes a sensitive and broadband infrared–terahertz detector as a result of interlayer screening and a crystal field-induced bandgap.
- Bingchen Deng
- & Fengnian Xia
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Article |
Programmable photonic arrays based on microelectromechanical elements with femtowatt-level standby power consumption
Programmable photonic arrays with <10 fW (per unit) standby power consumption, <40 pJ (per unit) reconfiguration energy and <11 V programming voltages are demonstrated.
- Dong Uk Kim
- , Young Jae Park
- & Kyoungsik Yu
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Article |
Determining the optimal communication channels of arbitrary optical systems using integrated photonic processors
Self-configuring meshes of integrated Mach–Zehnder interferometers determine the optimal communication channels through unknown optical media, with the resulting modes showing crosstalk below –30 dB.
- SeyedMohammad SeyedinNavadeh
- , Maziyar Milanizadeh
- & Francesco Morichetti
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Article |
Ultra-broadband photoconductivity in twisted graphene heterostructures with large responsivity
Thanks to the unique properties of twisted double bilayer graphene heterostructures, an ultra-broadband photoconductivity spanning the spectral range of 2–100 μm with internal quantum efficiencies of approximately 40% at speeds of 100 kHz is reported.
- H. Agarwal
- , K. Nowakowski
- & F. H. L. Koppens
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Article
| Open Access
Single-molecule mid-infrared spectroscopy and detection through vibrationally assisted luminescence
Detecting the vibrations of individual molecules directly in the mid-infrared regime is hindered by thermal noise. Here researchers bypass conventional detectors and upconvert the mid-infrared photons into visible light using molecular bonds, yielding an optical readout for single-molecule vibrational spectroscopy.
- Rohit Chikkaraddy
- , Rakesh Arul
- & Jeremy J. Baumberg
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Article |
High-bandwidth perovskite photonic sources on silicon
Tailoring the composition of organic cations enables manipulating the recombination rates of perovskites. Optimized solution-processed perovskite emitters fabricated on silicon exhibit up to 42.6-MHz modulation bandwidth and 50-Mbps data rate.
- Aobo Ren
- , Hao Wang
- & Wei Zhang
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Letter |
Additive treatment yields high-performance lead-free perovskite light-emitting diodes
Near-infrared-emitting tin-based perovskite light-emitting diodes with greatly improved efficiency are realized by the use of additives during fabrication.
- Hao Min
- , Jin Chang
- & Jianpu Wang
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Article |
Hydrogen-bond-bridged intermediate for perovskite solar cells with enhanced efficiency and stability
A multifunctional additive modulates the kinetics of perovskite film growth, enabling inverted perovskite solar cells with 24.8% power conversion efficiency and enhanced thermal stability.
- Fengzhu Li
- , Xiang Deng
- & Alex K.-Y. Jen
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Article
| Open Access
Mid-gap trap state-mediated dark current in organic photodiodes
Researchers demonstrate that the dark saturation current in organic photodiodes is fundamentally limited by mid-gap trap states. This leads to an upper limit for specific detectivity.
- Oskar J. Sandberg
- , Christina Kaiser
- & Ardalan Armin
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Article |
Widely tunable and narrow-linewidth chip-scale lasers from near-ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelengths
A chip-scale laser platform based on silicon nitride ring resonators and commercial Fabry–Pérot laser diodes is developed for the wavelength range from 404 nm to 785 nm. The achieved coarse and fine tunings are up to 12.5 nm and 33.9 GHz, respectively, with kilohertz-scale linewidths and side-mode suppression ratios above 35 dB.
- Mateus Corato-Zanarella
- , Andres Gil-Molina
- & Michal Lipson
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Article
| Open Access
Experimental observation of Berry phases in optical Möbius-strip microcavities
The existence of the optical Berry phase in all-dielectric Möbius-strip cavities is experimentally confirmed. In contrast to a predicted sole Berry phase value of π, arbitrary values of the Berry phase upon adiabatic evolution of a linearly or elliptically polarized light wave are obtained.
- Jiawei Wang
- , Sreeramulu Valligatla
- & Oliver G. Schmidt
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Article |
Anomalous circularly polarized light emission in organic light-emitting diodes caused by orbital–momentum locking
Circularly polarized light emitted from OLEDs exhibits opposite handedness depending on the propagation direction of the light. Switching the current flow in the OLED also switches the light handedness.
- Li Wan
- , Yizhou Liu
- & Binghai Yan
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Article |
Extreme γ-ray radiation hardness and high scintillation yield in perovskite nanocrystals
It is shown that CsPbBr3 nanocrystals exhibit good radiation hardness for high γ-radiation doses, as high as 1 MGy. Electron trapping in surface defects limits scintillator applications, but is shown to be suppressed by surface fluorination treatment.
- Matteo L. Zaffalon
- , Francesca Cova
- & Sergio Brovelli
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Article |
Bright short-wavelength infrared organic light-emitting devices
Organic LEDs based on acceptor–donor–acceptor molecules Y11, IDSe-4Cl and COTIC-4F are shown to be highly effective emitters of short-wave infrared light.
- Yuan Xie
- , Wansheng Liu
- & Yong Cao
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Article |
Ultrafast intrinsic optical-to-electrical conversion dynamics in a graphene photodetector
Researchers demonstrated a gate-tunable graphene photodetector with a bandwidth of up to 220 GHz. This was achieved by suppressing the ‘RC’ time constant using a resistive zinc oxide top gate.
- Katsumasa Yoshioka
- , Taro Wakamura
- & Norio Kumada
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Article |
Ultrastable near-infrared perovskite light-emitting diodes
Near-infrared perovskite light-emitting diodes with extrapolated device lifespans on the scale of years are achieved by the use of a dipolar molecular stabilizer.
- Bingbing Guo
- , Runchen Lai
- & Dawei Di
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Article |
Defect engineering in wide-bandgap perovskites for efficient perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells
Efficient perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells with an efficiency of up to 28.6% are reported by employing tribromide ions to reduce charge recombination.
- Guang Yang
- , Zhenyi Ni
- & Jinsong Huang
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Article
| Open Access
Synergistic strain engineering of perovskite single crystals for highly stable and sensitive X-ray detectors with low-bias imaging and monitoring
X-ray detectors based on dual-site-doped perovskite single crystals exhibit excellent sensitivity of 2.6 × 104 μC Gyair−1 cm–2 under a low field of 1 V cm–1. The detectable dose rate is as low as 7.09 nGyair s–1. The operational stability is beyond half a year.
- Jizhong Jiang
- , Min Xiong
- & Feng Gao
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Article |
Observation of the all-optical Stern–Gerlach effect in nonlinear optics
An analogous all-optical Stern–Gerlach experiment is observed in nonlinear optics, where the frequency of light acts as a pseudospin. The deflection depends on the strength of the nonlinear coupling gradient as well as on the relative phase between the different input frequencies.
- Ofir Yesharim
- , Aviv Karnieli
- & Ady Arie
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Article |
Room-temperature electrically switchable spin–valley coupling in a van der Waals ferroelectric halide perovskite with persistent spin helix
Researchers demonstrate a persistent spin helix in an organic–inorganic hybrid ferroelectric halide perovskite whose layered nature makes it intrinsically like a quantum well. They demonstrate a switchable spin-polarized band structure via an intrinsic ferroelectric field.
- Lifu Zhang
- , Jie Jiang
- & Jian Shi
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Article |
A ferroelectric multilevel non-volatile photonic phase shifter
Researchers demonstrate a multilevel non-volatile phase shifter memory that is based on the monolithic integration of BaTiO3 thin films and silicon waveguides. By manipulating ferroelectric domains in BaTiO3 with electrical control signals, they achieve analogue and non-volatile optical phase tuning.
- Jacqueline Geler-Kremer
- , Felix Eltes
- & Stefan Abel
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Article |
Solution-processed green and blue quantum-dot light-emitting diodes with eliminated charge leakage
A new strategy to reduce charge leakage in quantum-dot light-emitting diodes enables high external quantum efficiencies of 28.7% and 21.9% and excellent T95 lifetimes of 580,000 h and 4,400 h for green and blue devices, respectively.
- Yunzhou Deng
- , Feng Peng
- & Yizheng Jin
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Cavity-enhanced linear dichroism in a van der Waals antiferromagnet
Researchers use spin-charge coupling and FePS3 crystals to induce large in-plane optical anisotropy and near-unity linear dichroism in the visible–near-infrared range.
- Huiqin Zhang
- , Zhuoliang Ni
- & Deep Jariwala
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Article |
Electrically controllable chirality in a nanophotonic interface with a two-dimensional semiconductor
Researchers demonstrate electrically controllable chirality by exploiting doping-dependent valley polarization of excitonic states in monolayer tungsten diselenide.
- Robert Shreiner
- , Kai Hao
- & Alexander A. High
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Review Article |
Progress on table-top isolated attosecond light sources
Recent progress of table-top isolated attosecond light sources is reviewed with a focus on the related technologies for high-average-flux and high-peak-intensity attosecond bursts of light. An outlook on its applications is also provided.
- Katsumi Midorikawa
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Article
| Open Access
Optically reconfigurable quasi-phase-matching in silicon nitride microresonators
Photogalvanic effect in silicon nitride microresonators enables reconfigurable quasi-phase-matching for efficient and tunable second-harmonic generation.
- Edgars Nitiss
- , Jianqi Hu
- & Camille-Sophie Brès
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Article |
High-Q slow light and its localization in a photonic crystal microring
Researchers demonstrate a microring cavity with a photonic crystal on its inside edge, which enables a simultaneous high quality factor (1,000,000) and slow light (10 times slower than for conventional whispering gallery modes). Defect modes with a high quality factor (600,000) and high localizations (20 times smaller) are also enabled.
- Xiyuan Lu
- , Andrew McClung
- & Kartik Srinivasan
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Article |
Two-step absorption instead of two-photon absorption in 3D nanoprinting
As an alternative to high-resolution fabrication by two-photon absorption, researchers demonstrate a two-step absorption process that employs inexpensive light sources.
- Vincent Hahn
- , Tobias Messer
- & Martin Wegener
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Article
| Open Access
Ultra-fast germanium photodiode with 3-dB bandwidth of 265 GHz
By sandwiching a germanium fin between complementary in situ-doped silicon layers, a waveguide-coupled germanium photodiode with a 3-dB bandwidth of 265 GHz, accompanied by high responsivity and low dark current, is realized.
- S. Lischke
- , A. Peczek
- & L. Zimmermann
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Article |
A photonic integrated quantum secure communication system
Quantum photonic integrated circuits for a standalone quantum secure communication system are developed and packaged into pluggable interconnects. The system is interfaced with 100 Gb s–1 data encryptors and its performance is evaluated over 10 km to 50 km fibre links.
- Taofiq K. Paraïso
- , Thomas Roger
- & Andrew J. Shields
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News & Views |
Directly proving the bosonic nature of photons
A simple yet effective optical set-up, employing two controllable, indistinguishable photons, is proven to allow a direct measurement of the exchange phase due to the bosonic particle statistics.
- Rosario Lo Franco
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Article |
Ultra-coherent Fano laser based on a bound state in the continuum
Quantum noise is suppressed by a bound state in the continuum (BIC) approach, enabling a microlaser with narrow linewidth compared to other small lasers.
- Yi Yu
- , Aurimas Sakanas
- & Jesper Mørk
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Article |
High-precision digital terahertz phase manipulation within a multichannel field perturbation coding chip
A terahertz phase modulator based on the switchable perturbation resonance in two-dimensional electron gas is demonstrated. Phase manipulation with precision ranging from 2° to 5° is obtained at frequencies in the range from 0.26 to 0.27 THz.
- Hongxin Zeng
- , Huajie Liang
- & Daniel M. Mittleman
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Article |
Stable and low-photovoltage-loss perovskite solar cells by multifunctional passivation
The use of a dimensionally graded 2D perovskite interface and passivation results in perovskite solar cells with very low photovoltage loss.
- Guang Yang
- , Zhiwei Ren
- & Gang Li
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Correspondence |
Exaggerated sensitivity in photodetectors with internal gain
- Simone Bianconi
- , Lincoln J. Lauhon
- & Hooman Mohseni
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Letter
| Open Access
Coexistence of dynamical delocalization and spectral localization through stochastic dissipation
Experimental and theoretical results of wave propagation in a disordered system with non-Hermitian disorder are presented, showing that wave spreading occurs in the parameter regime where all eigenstates are expected to be localized.
- Sebastian Weidemann
- , Mark Kremer
- & Alexander Szameit
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News & Views |
Chameleon graphene surfaces
The unique optical properties of graphene were combined with lithium-ion battery technology to produce multispectral optical devices, with colour-changing capabilities.
- Andrea C. Ferrari
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Review Article |
Prospects for metal halide perovskite-based tandem solar cells
A discussion of the evolution, present status and future outlook for tandem solar cells employing perovskite materials.
- Rui Wang
- , Tianyi Huang
- & Yang Yang
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News & Views |
Nanoantenna tunnelling currents record laser waves
Tunnelling currents inside plasmonic nanostructures are fast enough to gain direct access to the oscillating electric field of near-infrared and visible light, opening up exciting routes towards attosecond metrology of light–matter interaction and unique approaches to spectroscopy.
- Nicholas Karpowicz
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Article |
On-chip sampling of optical fields with attosecond resolution
An on-chip, sub-optical-cycle sampling technique for measuring arbitrary electric fields of few-femtojoule near-infrared optical pulses in ambient conditions is demonstrated, offering an improvement of roughly six orders of magnitude in energy sensitivity compared with those previous works in the near-infrared.
- Mina R. Bionta
- , Felix Ritzkowsky
- & Phillip D. Keathley
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Article |
Room-temperature electron spin polarization exceeding 90% in an opto-spintronic semiconductor nanostructure via remote spin filtering
An electron spin polarization of 90% is achieved in a non-magnetic nanostructure at room temperature without magnetic field. This is accomplished by remote spin filtering of InAs quantum-dot electrons via an adjacent tunnelling-coupled GaNAs spin filter.
- Yuqing Huang
- , Ville Polojärvi
- & Weimin M. Chen
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Letter |
Multispectral graphene-based electro-optical surfaces with reversible tunability from visible to microwave wavelengths
By converting Li-ion battery into an optical device using graphene electrodes, an electrochemical optical device which enables colour changing ability over the entire wavelength range from visible to microwave is demonstrated.
- M. Said Ergoktas
- , Gokhan Bakan
- & Coskun Kocabas
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Letter |
Cascaded high-gradient terahertz-driven acceleration of relativistic electron beams
A relativistic electron beam with 1.9 pC charge is accelerated by copropagating with a terahertz pulse through two dielectric-loaded waveguides. The accelerating gradient in a single dielectric-loaded waveguide is 85 MV m−1. The total energy gain is 204 keV.
- Hanxun Xu
- , Lixin Yan
- & Chuanxiang Tang
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Letter |
Sensitive, small, broadband and scalable optomechanical ultrasound sensor in silicon photonics
An optical ultrasound sensor based on a CMOS-compatible split-rib waveguide is demonstrated, offering high sensitivity, broadband detection (measured 3–30 MHz), small size (20 μm) and scalability to a fine-pitch matrix.
- Wouter J. Westerveld
- , Md. Mahmud-Ul-Hasan
- & Veronique Rochus
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Article |
Composite fast scintillators based on high-Z fluorescent metal–organic framework nanocrystals
Composites of fluorescent metal–organic framework nanocrystals in a polymer are exploited to create fast scintillators with a rise time of about 50 ps.
- J. Perego
- , I. Villa
- & A. Monguzzi
Key requirements for ultraefficient sensitization in hyperfluorescence organic light-emitting diodes
Efficient microscale emitters
Metamaterial integration