Abstract
We report that cyclin D3 is rate limiting for G1 progression in thyroid follicular cells and that its constitutive upregulation by chronic stimulation of the TSH/cAMP pathway plays a role in human and experimental hyperproliferative diseases of the thyroid gland. These conclusions are supported by in vitro and in vivo studies. In rat thyrocytes (PC Cl 3 cells), cyclin D3 expression is enhanced in response to activation of the TSH/cAMP pathway. Interference with the expression of G1 cyclins (in particular cyclin D3) by the antisense methodology strongly reduced TSH-dependent proliferation of PC Cl 3 cells, indicating that proper progression through G1 requires cyclin D3. Accordingly, PC Cl 3 cells engineered to overexpress cyclin D3 (PC-D3 cells) show enhanced growth rate and elude hormone-dependence and contact inhibition. Using an animal experimental model of thyroid stimulation, we demonstrate that cyclin D3 is a key mediator of TSH-dependent proliferation of thyroid follicular cells also in vivo. Cyclin D3 protein levels were higher in the thyrocytes from glands of propylthiouracil-treated rats compared with control animals. The increase in cyclin D3 expression occurred after the propylthiouracil-induced increase in TSH levels and preceded the burst of cell proliferation. Finally, we found that cyclin D3 protein is expressed in a fraction of human goiters but it is strongly overexpressed in most follicular adenomas.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Progetto Finalizzato ‘Biotecnologie’ del CNR to GV and from Associazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC) and Ministero dell'Istruzione e Ricerca Scientifica (MIUR) to AF. We are indebted to Jean Ann Gilder for editing the text.
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Motti, M., Boccia, A., Belletti, B. et al. Critical role of cyclin D3 in TSH-dependent growth of thyrocytes and in hyperproliferative diseases of the thyroid gland. Oncogene 22, 7576–7586 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1207055
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1207055
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