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Metal ions that link phosphates and guanine bases are necessary for the folding of an RNA enzyme. A magnesium ion core may be a common feature of RNA structure.
A challenge to change one protein into another while retaining 50% of the original protein's sequence has been met and provides a warning to other would-be protein folding/engineering challenges: only offer a prize of a tee-shirt.
The fifth EF-hand, in linear amino acid sequence, of the small subunit of calpain reveals a new trick in the EF-repertoire — dimerization by EF-embrace.
A very short hydrogen bond between an Asp and a phosphate is established in two high resolution structures (0.98 and 1.05 Å). A mutant complex that changes the Asp to an Asn, which forms a normal hydrogen bond, has a similar free energy of binding to the wild type complex, suggesting that the contribution of the short hydrogen bond is not extraordinarily strong.
